Daga Mustapha Musa Kaita
Sama da mako guda bayan da ƙungiyar ECOWAS ta ƙasashen yammacin Afirka ta ɗage takunkumin da ta ƙaƙaba wa Nijar, da Mali da Guinea, rahotanni sun nuna cewa ba abin da ya sauya a zahiri, musamman dangane da jigilar mutane da kaya a iyakokin ƙasashen.
A baya ECOWAS ta saka takunkumin tattalin arziƙi kan Nijar, da Mali da Guinea, da Burkina Faso, a ƙoƙarin matsin lamba kan ƙasashen da su dawo turbar dimokuraɗiyya bayan juyin mulki da ya faru a ƙasashen.
Takunkumin ya haɗa da rufe asusun jagororin juyin mulkin, da rufe iyakokin ƙasa da na sama, da kuma katse wutar lantarki ga Nijar daga maƙwabciyarta Nijeriya.
Bayan ce-ce-ku-cen da aka daɗe ana yi, ƙungiyar ta ɗage takunkumi kan Nijar, da Mali da Guinea, ranar 24 ga watan Fabrairu, amma ba ta ce komai kan Burkina Faso ba.
'Matsalar gudanarwa ce'
Wannan na zuwa ne lokacin da ECOWAS ke ƙara matsin lamba kan jagororin juyin mulkin ƙasashen, waɗanda dukansu suka sanar da ficewarsu daga ƙungiyar, idan ban da Guinea.
An yi fatan ɗage takunkumin zai rage tayar-da-jijiyar-wuya a yankin, da kuma matsin tattalin arziƙi. Amma har yanzu iyakokin Nijar da Nijeriya da kuma ta Nijar da Benin suna rufe.
Shugaban Hukumar ECOWAS Omar Alieu Touray ya yi imanin cewa za a magance matsalolin da ke hana sake buɗe iyakokin nan ba da daɗewa ba, kamar yadda ƙungiyar ta sanar da janye takunkumin.
Touray ya faɗa wa TRT Afrika ranar Asabar a wajen taron Antalya Diplomacy Forum cewa, ''Idan iyakokin suka ci gaba da zama rufe, to batu ne na gudanarwa kawai. Kamar yadda kuka sani, bayan an cire takunkuman, ana iya ɗaukar lokaci kafin aiwatarwa, amma an riga an ɗauki matakin na buɗe iyakokin ƙasashe mambobin ECOWAS da Nijar''.
Jami'in na ECOWAS ya ce, ''Ina ganin kawai batu ne na gudanarwa wanda za a shawo kansa ba jimawa."
Shugabannin juyin mulki a Mali, Nijar da Guinea ba su ba da wata sanarwa ba tun bayan ɗage takunkumin na ECOWAS. Amma a baya sun yi ta kokawa kan cewa matakin bai musu adalci ba, kuma yana cutar da al'ummominsu.
'Dalilan jinƙai'
Touray ya bayyana cewa, ''Takunkumin da ma an saka shi ne da manufa, haka ma ɗagewar musamman a Nijar, an yi ne saboda dalilan jinƙai".
Ya ƙara da cewa, ''Kamar yadda ka sani, muna lokacin azumin Kirista, ga kuma Ramadan ya ƙarato, don haka muka ga dacewar ɗage takunkumin don tabbatar da tasirinsa kan mutane bai wuce kima ba".
Ƙungiyar ta yammacin Afirka ta sha fama da ƙalubale iri-iri a shekarun baya-bayan nan, waɗanda suka haɗa da yaɗuwar juyin mulkin soji tun shekarar 2020.
Shugaban Nijeriya wanda shi ne jagoran ECOWAS a yanzu ya faɗa a taron ƙoli na ƙungiyar a Abuja a makon jiya cewa, “Dole mu sake nazari kan dabarunmu na tabbatar da aiki da tsarin mulki a ƙasashe mambobinmu”.
Shugaba Bola Tinubu ya nemi ƙashashen da ke ƙungiyar su daina ɗaukar matakin da ke nuna 'tamkar ƙungiyar abokiyar adawarsu ce'.”
'Babbar nasarar ECOWAS'
Sai dai shugaban hukumar ya ce ƙungiyar ta cim ma nasarori da dama tun bayan kafa ta a shekarar 1975, inda ya bayyana tsarin yankin na zirga-zirgar mutane ba tare da biza ba, wanda ya ce shi ne tsari na farko a nahiyar Afirka.
Ya kamanta hakan a matsayin ''babbar nasara'', kasancewar 'mazauna yankin ECOWAS suna zirga-zirga ba tare da buƙatar biza ba, wanda hakan ke haɓaka haɗin-kai a fagen tattalin arziƙi da zamantakewa."
Ya ce ƙalubalen da ke damun ƙungiyoyi kamar ECOWAS da ma dole a same su. Ya faɗa cewa, ''Na yi imani cewa ƙarfin kowace irin ƙungiya ba yana ga rashin matsaloli ba ne, amma yana ga ƙarfinta wajen warware matsalolin".
ECOWAS ta yi barazanar amfanin da ƙarfin soji don warware juyin mulkin da aka yi a watan Yulin 2023 a Nijar wanda ya kawo Janar Abdourahmane Tiani kan mulki. Ta sha alwashin dawo da shugaban da aka hamɓarar Mohamed Bazoum kan kujerarsa.
Wannan ya janyo maƙwabtan Nijar da ke ƙarƙashin mulkin soji, Mali da Burkina Faso sun kawo wa Nijar ɗauki, inda suka sanar da kafa wata rundunar tsaro don kare junansu. Bayan watanni ana sa-in-sa, ECOWAS ta janye batun amfani da ƙarfi, ta kuma zaɓi tattaunawa da sojojin.
Matsaloli ninki-ninki
Touray ya ƙara yin kira ga mambobin ECOWAS da ke da ƙorafi kan cewa su rungumi damar da ƙungiyar ta ba su na tattaunawa, wadda ya bayyana a matsayin ''hanya mafi kyau don warware matsaloli.''
A ra'ayin babban jami'in na ECOWAS, yin aiki tare zai taimaki mambobin ƙungiyar su 15 wajen shawo kan matsalolin bai-ɗaya da ke damun su, kamar na tattalin arziƙi da rashin tsaro a yankin Sahel.
Akwai gungun masu ɗauke da makamai da suka haɗa da Daesh da Boko Haram suna ci gaba da aiwatar da ta'addanci a ƙasashe kamar Nijeriya da Nijar da Mali da Burkina Faso, wanda hakan ke haifar da asarar dubban rayuka da rasa muhalli.
Ya ce, ''Rashin tsaro shi ne babban ƙalubalenmu a Yammacin Afirka".
Ya bayyana cewa, ''Ta'addanci shi ke kawo rashin tsaro, sauyin gwamnati ba bisa tsarin mulki ba shi ke haifar da rashin tsaro, da masu aikata manyan laifuka da ''.
ECOWAS na yin nazari
ECOWAS tana duba dabarunta na tsaro don ba ta damar iya samar da hanyoyin warware matsalolinta na cikin gida, a cewar Touray.
A ɓangaren wannan shiri, ECOWAS tana buƙatar mambobinta su ba ta ƙara mata ƙarfi don ta iya amfani da soji wajen daƙile matsalolin tsaro, da kuma samar da kuɗaɗen ayyukanta na tsaro a cikin gida.
Sai dai kuma, wannan ba ya nufin ƙungiyar ba ta buƙatar tallafi daga ƙawayenta na waje ba, a faɗar jami'in.
Omar Touray ya ƙara da cewa, ''Muna so mu tabbatar da cewa ayyukanmu na tsaro da zaman lafiya da kanmu muke samar da kuɗin yin su, kafin a ce mun dogara kan wasu".
Yayin da dalilan sauyin yanayi a duniya ke rura wutar rashin tsaro da wahalhalun tattalin arziƙi, ECOWAS ta nemi ƙasashen duniya da ke fitar da iskar da ke lahanta muhalli su ƙara ƙaimi wajen zuba kuɗi don magance matsalar.
A ta bakin Touray, a yanzu ba a ganin ''adalci a harkar sauyin yanayi'' duk da cewa matsalolin suna ƙara ta'azzara.
