An gano wasu dubunnan takardun zamanin Daular Usmaniyya da aka rubuta a wata majami’ar Girkawa ta zamanin baya, wanda daga ciki ma akwai wadanda suka fi irin su dadewa a duniya.
Masu bincike sun yi kacibus da wannan kndin bayanai a karon farko a Majami’ar Pantokrato dake Tsaunin Athos a Jama’ar Kirsitocin Darikar Orthodox.
Mai bincike kan Daular Byzantine Jannis Niehoff-Panagiotidis ya bayyana cewa “Takardun farko da suke bayani game da tarihin Daular usmaniyya na ajje a wannan waje, a kan Tsaunin Athos.”
Niehoff-Panagiotidis, farfesa a Jami’ar Free dake Berlin ya kara da cewa a dakin karatu na Majami’ar an gano kusan takardu dubu 25,000 dauke da bayanan Daular Usmaniyya wanda aka rubuta a shekarun 1374 ko 1371.
Ya ce, wannan ne mafi tsufa sama da duk wani da aka sani a duniya, inda ya kara da cewa a Istnbul, yayin da Usmaniyyawa suka sauya sunan Constantinople a loakcin da suka mayar da birnin babban birninsu, ajiyayyun bayanai mafi tsufa na komawa ga karni na 15.
Niehoff-Panagiotidis ya kuma ci gaba da cewa zai yi wuya a fahimci tattalin arzikin Tsaunin Athos da ma yadda al’uma suke karkashin Daular Usmaniyya, ba tare da komawa ga wannan kundin bayanai ba.
Duba ga mulkin Daular Usmaniyya
Dakin karatu na wajen bautar Pantokrator na daya daga cikin tsibiran da aka samar da katako.
An samar da wajen sama da shekaru 1,000 da suka shude a arewan tsibirin Athıs dake Girka, dakunan karatun ba kasafai ake samun irin su ba, aiyuka na karnuka da suka shude a yaruka daban-daban da suka hada da Girkanci, Rashanci da Romaniyanci.
An yi nazari kan da yawa daga ciki, amma ban da takardun Usmaniyya na Turkanci, bayanan dake nuna tsarin gudanarwar da aka jagoranci arewacin Girka da su daga karni na 14 --- ko da yake kafin babban birnin Byzantine, Constantinople ya koma hannun Usmaniyyawa a 1453 --- sai zuwa karni na 20ne yankunan suka sake komawa hannun Girka.
Takardun sun bayar da bayanai da ban mamaki na yadda a a’adar Girkawa aka fahimci jagorancin Usmaniyyawa a yankunan Girka da aka ci da yaki, ta hanyar kwace Tsuhnin Athos da gine-ginen da yake da su.
Sabbin jagororin sun bayar da kariya ga jama’ar yankin, sun kiyaye ‘Yancin wajen tare da kare shi daga hare-hare daga makiya na waje.
Nikopoulos ya ce, daya daga cikin aiyukan farko da Sarki Murat II, Sarkin Daular Usmaniyya da ya yaki garin Athens, shi ne samar da wani kundin dokoki a 1430 don bayar da kariya ga jama’ar. Wajen.
Ya ce, “Wannan na bayyana abubuwa da dama. Sarkin Daular Usmaniyya ya tabbatar da tsarin gudanarwarsa a Tsaunin Athos ya samu kariya.”
Niehoff-Panagiotidis ya kara da cewa tun kafin hakan ma, sarki ya bayar da umarnin hukunta duk wasu da suka yi kutse, bayan da aka samu wasu sojoji sun dan saci wasukayayyaki na wuraren bautar.
“Ba su ajje sojoji a nan wajen ba. A koyaushe, suna barin wani wakili dan wannan yankin danda zai kula da shi yana shan shayi.”
Wani bayani da Niehoff-Panagiotidis ya bayyana shi ne, a karni biyu na farko na shugabancin Daular usmaniyya, ba a yi yunkurin kakaba Musulunci a yankunan Tsaunin Athos da arewacin Girka ba.
Malamin Kiristanci Thephilos dake Pantokrato wanda ke taimakawa wajen yin binciken ya ce, “wannan nazari na bayar da hasken misalan yadda mutane suka iya rayuwa da juna, dabi’u, da suka dace da dukkan dan adam, assasa kare hakkokin dan adam da girmama su, dimukradiyya da ka’idojin zamantakewa tare a wasu al’umu.”
