Daga Ozde Aykurt
An bayyana Burundi, ƙasar da ke yankin Gabashin Afirka a matsayin ƙasa mafi fama da talauci a duniya a cewar wani rahoton bankin duniya.
Ƙasar mai yawan al'umma fiye da mutum miliyan 12 ta faɗa cikin matsin tallalin arziki a tsawon shekaru sama da ashirin, inda take da mafi ƙarancin ƙudaɗen shiga na GDP a duniya, ga kuma kasa biyan bashi, duk da ƙarancin kuɗin ruwa daga cibiyoyi kamar Asusun Raya Duniya (IDF).
A rahotonsa mai ban tsoro, Bankin Duniya ya gano ƙasashe 26 da suka fi fama da talauci a duniya, waɗanda suke da mafi ƙarancin kuɗin shiga ga kowane mutum.
Yawancin ƙasashen suna nahiyar Afirka, ban da Afghanistan, da Iraki, da Siriya da Koriya ta Arewa dake yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya da Asiya. Irin wannan mummunan yanayi ne ƙasashen suke ciki wanda zai ɗauke su "fiye da shekara10" kafin a iya fita daga talauci.
Gaba ɗaya dai, kusan mutane miliyan 500 ne ke fama da matsanancin talauci. Masana da TRT World ta tuntuba sun danganta wannan tabarbarewar da rashin isassun cibiyoyi da kuma rashin isassun ababen more rayuwa na jama'a da na tattalin arziki, waɗanda suke ganin su ne ke kawo cikas ga hanyoyin ci gaba a waɗannan kasashe.
To amma me ya jawo wannan koma bayan?
Masana sun yi nuni kan mulkin mallaka a matsayin wani babban jigo na koma bayan da aka samu, inda suka bayyana cewa yanayin ya sanya akasarin waɗannan kasashe 26 ke fafutukar gyara ababen more rayuwa da suka lalace, wanda ya haifar da taɓarɓarewar makomar tattalin arziki.
"Dauloli sun sami dukiyoyi masu tarin yawa, duk da cewa wasu daga cikinsu ba su yi amfani da dukiyar ba wajen ciyar da ƙasashen gaba ba , kamar Sifaniya, yayin da sauran ƙasashen suka mamaye yankuna wanda daga baya suka zama masu daraja." Kamar yadda William Booth Farfesa a fannin tarihin Latin Amurka a jami'ar Kwalejin London ya shaida wa TRT World.
Booth, wanda ke da ƙwarewa a fannin mulkin mallaka, ya ce ikon mulkin mallaka a wurare kamar Afirka da Latin Amurka ya tabbatar da cewa mutanen yankin ba su samu wani ci gaba ba ta kowace fuska - kama daga addini, da siyasa ko rayuwar jama'a.
Daron Acemoglu da James A. Robinson, waɗanda suka lashe ƙyautar Nobel sun yi nuni kan wani sabon salo da aka koma yi a yanzu ta fuskar mulkin mallaka da talauci.
A cikin sabon littafinsu mai suna. ''Why Nations Fail,'' Acemoglu da Robinson sun ba da kwararan hujjoji kan yadda cibiyoyin da aka kafa a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Turai ke ci gaba da yin tasiri a wannan zamanin.
Ƙasashen da suka fi karfin arziki a lokacin mulkin mallaka a yanzu suna cikin waɗanda suka fi fama da talauci a duniya, kamar yadda suka bayyana a cikin littafin, suna masu nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin yawan hasarar rayukan mutane - sakamakon kisan gillar da sojojin mulkin mallaka suka yi - da kuma daƙile ci gaban tattalin arziki. wanda ke ci gaba da shafar tattalin ma'aunin tattalin arziki na GDP na waɗannan ƙasashe a wannan zamanin.
Bashin da ake bin gwamnatin ƙasashen 26 da Bankin Duniya ya bayyana kwanan nan ya kai kashi 72 cikin 100 na GDPn ƙasashen ,adadi mafi yawa da aka samu a tsaowan shekaru 18.
Sannan wasu lamura da suka shafi duniya kamar annobar Covid-19 ko rikice-rikice da suka ɗauki tsawon lokaci sun ƙara dagula lamarin. Yawancin waɗannan ƙasashe sun dogara ne akan tallafi ko lamuni masu ƙarancin ruwa daga hukumomi kamar Ƙungiyar Ci gaban Ƙasashen Duniya.
Yakin da ake yi a Ukraine ya kuma karkatar da akasarin tallafin da ake kai wa waɗannan ƙasashe, inda aka fi mayar da hankali kan Ukraine wajen samun taimako daga Yammacin Turai.
Me ya sa talauci ya ki barin waɗannan kasashe?
Yawancin waɗannan ƙasashe ba su da albarkatun ƙasa masu yawa, kuma tattalin arzikinsu ya dogara ne kan ayyukan noma na gargajiya, wanda ke sanya su cikin haɗarin fuskantar sauyin yanayi.
Yawan cututtuka da rashin samun abinci mai gina jiki suna tasiri a ƙasashen. Kazalika, matsalar cin hanci da rashawa na taka muhimmiyar rawa, inda jami'ai suke wawure dukiyoyi maimakon amfani da su wajen samar da ababen more rayuwa, da kiwon lafiya, da sauran muhimman ayyuka.
"Talauci a Afirka matsala ce mai nau'i-nau'in matsaloli, wanda ya haɗa fannoni daban-daban ciki har da haɗarin sauyin yanayi, da bazuwar rikice-rikice, da mulkin mallaka, da rashin cibiyoyin kula da lafiya da kuma tsarin ilimi," in ji Christopher Vandome, mamba a cibiyar Bincike ta Chatham House.
Ovigwe Eguegu, mai ba da shawara kan harkokin siyasa da ci gaban zamani, ya jaddada irin wannan ra'ayi, yana mai cewa matakai na gajeren zango kamar ba da taimakon kuɗi ba sa magance matsalolin baki ɗaya.
Eguegu ya shaida wa TRT World cewa, "Abin da ƙasashe ke bukata don bunƙasar tattalin arziki shi ne tara jari, ta fuskar kasuwanci, da zuba jari don bunƙasa masana'antu."
Vandome ya ce ƙasashe masu ba da agaji da ke tallafa wa ƙungiyoyin agaji na duniya suna kara ganin tasirin taimakon da suke bayar wa.
"Sun fahimci cewa yana iya yin lahani sannan yana da amfani. Mafi yawan kuɗaɗen taimakon suna ƙarewa ne akan biyan masu ba da shawara na ƙasa da ƙasa da ke kula da ayyukan tafiyar da tallafin da ke ƙasa," in ji shi.
Ozde Aykurt mataimakiyar furodusa ce a TRT World, wanda ta kware a fannin kasuwanci da tattalin arziki.
