Daga: Zanji Sinkala
Fredrick Mutale, wani matashi ne mai shekara 21 da ya bar makaranta lokacin da yake aji biyu na karamar sakandare, inda ya fara aiki a mahakar ma’adanin manganese a matsayin mai jera kaya.
Ya yi farin cikin samun aikin da zai samu kudin shiga don taimakon iyalansa. Sai dai bai san cewa wannan aiki zia haifar masa da mummunan ibtila’I ba.
Burin Fredrick da gina rayuwarsa ya shiga masifa a watan Afrilu na shekarar 2022, lokacin da kamu da wata cuta da a a saba gani ba.
Ya sanar da TRT Afrika game da yadda cutar tasa ta fara, maganarsa tana rawa, “Ina aiki a mahakar kawai sai na fara jin rashin lafiya, kuma safafuwana suka yi lakwas.”
A kamfanin Southern African Ferro Alloys Limited (SAFAL), mallakin Indiya, wanda ke yankin Serenje, a tsakiyar kasar Zambia, kusan masu hakar ma’adanai 20 ne suka kamu da cutar.
Cutar mai galabaitarwa, tana shafar jijiyoyi ne, kuma alamominta suna kama da na cutar karkarwa ta Parkinson.
Ana kiran ta da “cutar manganese”, kuma cuta ce da a zahiri tana samuwa ne bayan dadewa ana mu'amala da sinadarin manganese mai yawa.
Manganese karfe ne mai karfi wanda bangare ne na tama da kamfanin SAFAL ke hakowa.
Alamomin cutar sun hada da karkarwa da kagewar jijiya da sanyin jiki da matsanancin ciwon damuwa da kuma rashin sakewa.
Murna ta koma ciki
Baya ga kamuwa da cutar, mahakan da abin ya shafa sun rasa aikinsu, kuma yanzu ba sa iya daukar nauyin bukatun iyalansu.
A bara, kamfanin SAFAL ya dakatar da sarrafa kwallon manganese don narkarwa, inda a maimakon haka ya fara sarrafa garin manganese sakamakon rashin siminti.
Mazauna garin Serenje ba su san cewa wannan sauyi shi en zai rushe fatan cigaban da zuwan kamfanin SAFAL ya zo musu da shi ba.
Aikin kamfanin a yankin ya sa musu fatan samun aikin-yi da kuma cigaban tattalin arziki ga yankin mai fama da talauci.
Wannan alkawarin ya zo da babban kalubale. “Garin manganese yana fitar da kura mai yawa yayin da ake tara shi, har zuwa lkacin zuba shi a injin konawa.
Yana fitar da hayaki matuka. Wannan ne ya janyo ma’aikatan suka fara kamuwa da wata irin cuta, kuma adadin masu cutar ya yi ta karuwa." Haka wani tsohon ma’aikacin kamfanin ya fada.
An ci gaba da samun korafi kan mummunan yanayin aiki a SAFAL, da kuma gurbatar yanayi mai barazana ga rayuwa.
An jiyo cewa kamfanin ya fito da sabon nau’in garin manganese a karshen shekarar 2021, da kuma farkon shekarar 2022, wadda ke dauke da sinadarin manganese mai inganci sosai.
Cewar wani bayani daga tsofaffin ma’aikatan kamfanin, sakamakon karuwar ma’aikatan da suke kamuwa da cutar, an dakatar da sarrafar garin a watan Oktoban 2022.
Cutarwa kan iya magana
Sun dora alhaki kan kamfanin SAFAL, game da cutar manganese da ta addabi wasunsu, kuma sun yi ikirarin cewa kamfanin bai samar wa ma’aikatansa kayan kariya ba tsakanin shekarar 2014 da 2021.
An bai wa ma’aikatan takunkumin fuska ne kawai, wanda ake sakawa na wucin-gadi. Kamfanin SAFAL ya doge kan cewa mahakar ba ita ce silar cutar manganese ba.
Hakan ya bar iyalan wadanda ke fama da cutar cikin takaicin jin wannan musantawa daga kamfanin SAFAL.
A wata tattaunawa, manajan masana’antar Bijeesh Mangara Vijayan ya ce, kamfanin yana gudanar da bincike da taimakon Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami’ar Zambia, don tabbatar da cutar da ma’aikatan ke fama da ita.
Ya ce, “Muna bukatar sanin ko sun fara aikin ne suna dauke da cutar, ko kuma sun samu cutar ne yayin da suke aiki a kamfanin.”
Ministan lafiya na Zambia ya amsa cewa ma’aikatar lafiya ta kasar tana sane da matsalar lafiya da hakar ma’adanai na SAFAL ke haifarwa.
A wata sanarwa da aka karanta a majalisar dokokin kasar ranar 9 da watan Maris na wannan shekara, an ce an ankarar da gwamnatin Zambia game da matsalar SAFAL tun watanni da suka gabata.
Sanarwar ta ce, “A Satumban bara, gwamnatin ta hanyar ma’aikatar, sun dauki mataki kan batun masu aiki a SAFAL da suke fama da rashin iya tsayuwa, da rashin iya furuci, zubar da yawu daga baki, da sauran alamun cuta.”
“Cibiyar Kiyaye Lafiyar ‘Yan Kwadago, a karkashin ma’aikatar kwadago da tallafawa jama’a ta samu labarin an dauki samfurin jini na ma’aikatan SAFAL su 281, don tantance abin da ya haddasa matsalar.
Mahaka ma’adanai marasa karfi
Sakamakon ya bayyana cewa mutum 271, wato kaso 96.4 cikin dari, suna dauke da adadin manganese a jininsu, sama da yadda aka saba gani.”
Ministar lafiya ta kuma ce ana kan bincike, kuma za a dauki matakin da ya dace ne kawai kan SAFAL, bayan binciken ya kammala.
Duk da cewa hakar manganese a Zamabia bai jima da farawa ba, kasar daya ce daga cikin manyan kasashen Afirka da ke samar da dutsen manganese. Kiyasi ya nuna kasar tana da tan miliyan 60 na ma’danin.
A Zambia, manyan kamfanonin duniya sun dade suna amfani da masu hakar ma’adanai marasa karfi, don taya su aiki, ko kuma su samo ma’adanan daga gun su.
Wannan ya janyo yaduwar tsarin hadin gwiwa daban-daban kamar, kamfanin hadaka, da kwangila haka, da sauransu.
Sai dai kuma, duk da damar cimma moriya daga wannan hadin gwiwa, akwai damuwa kan tasirinta kan jama’a da kuma muhalli a kasar.
Kananan masu aikin hakar ma’adanai yawanci suna aiki a yanayi mai hadari, tare da rashin kula da kiyaye muhalli.
Kuma ma’aikatan suna fuskantar hadarin lafiya da muggan sinadarai da karafa.
