Daga Coletta Wanjohi
Wa'adin da Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta ba sojojin da suka yi juyin mulki a Nijar da su koma bariki kuma su mika mulki ga zababben shugaba a cikin mako biyu, yana nuna yadda kungiyar ta zama wata matattarar hada kan Afirka da tabbatar da dimokuradiyya.
Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta ayyana matsayarta a watan Afrilun shekarar 2022 kan sauyin shugabancin da ya saba wa kundin tsarin mulki a nahiyar, inda ta ce "abu ne da ba za a iya amincewa da shi ba kan kowane dalili".
Kungiyar ta kara nanata matsayarta ta "ci gaba da yin Allah wadai da canjin gwamnati da ya saba wa kundin tsarin mulki a Afirka, wadanda suka shirya juyin mulkin da dakile tafarkin dimokuradiyya."
Wannan matsaya ta zo bayan juyin mulki a Chadi da Mali da Sudan da Burkina Faso da kuma Guinea, dukkansu suna karkashin mulkin soja ne. Yanzu kuma ga shi Nijar ta shiga jerin.
Yawaitar faruwar juyin mulki
Juyin mulkin ko kuma canjin gwamnati zai iya faruwa saboda dalilai da dama. Wanda aka fi gani shi ne na kifar da zababbiyar gwamnati da jingine tsarin dimokuradiyya.
Mahamat Deby, wani jami'in soja ne, wanda ya karbe iko a Chadi a watan Afrilun shekarar 2021 jim kadan bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa, wato Shugaban Chadi a lokacin Idris Deby.
A watan Agustan 2020 da kuma na Mayun 2021, Mali ta fuskanci juyin mulki biyu a jere. Hakan ya faru ne bayan wani juyin mulki da aka yi a Guinea a watan Satumbar 2021, da kuma a Burkina Faso a watan Janairun 2022.
Tun daga watan Janairun 2021, lokacin da sojoji suka kifar da gwamnatin Shugaba Omar al-Bashir har yanzu Sudan ba ta dawo tafarkin dimokuradiyya ba.
Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta dakatar da Mali da Sudan da Burkina Faso da Guinea daga duka harkokin da suka shafi kungiyar har sai bayan sun komar da kasashensu tafarkin dimokuradiyya ta hanyar yin zabe.
Kayyade wa'adin mulki
A Nijar, wasu gungun sojoji da ke aikin tsaron hambararren Shugaba Mohamed Bazoum sun tsare shi da iyalansa a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli, inda daga nan suka yi juyin mulki da ya kifar da shugaban.
Daga bisani Janar Abdourahamane Tchiani ya ayyana kansa a matsayin sabon shugaban kasa.
Gabanin juyin mulkin, Tchiani shi ne shugaban dakarun fadar shugaban kasar Nijar.
Masu sharhi sun bayyana dalilan da suka sa juyin mulki ya sake kunno kai a nahiyar kamar haka: saba wa kundin tsarin mulki da kuma rashin mutunta tsarin dimokuradiyya.
Sojojin sun kuma kafa hujja da matsalar tsaro da ta tattalin arziki a matsayin dalilansu na kifar da gwamnati.
Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta ce ta lura "akwai karin kasashe mambobinta da suka gyara ko kuma suka cire wa'adin mulki da kundin tsarin mulki ya bukata, yayin da wasu suka ki amincewa su sanya wa'adin mulki a kundin tsarin mulkinsu".
Ta kuma ce tana sane da masu tsoma baki daga waje, inda ta gargade su "wadanda suke daukar nauyin juyin mulki ko mayakan ketare da sojojin haya a kasashe mambobinta".
Kwadayin mulki da ake samu tsakanin manyan sojoji ya taimaka wajen iza wutar yin juyin mulkin.
Takunkumi
Idan aka yi juyin mulki a kasa mambarmu, Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka kai-tsaye ko kuma ta hanyar kungiyar yankin muna sanya takunkumi a kokarinmu na tilasta wa wadanda suka kwace mulkin da su mayar da mulkin ga gwamnatin farar hula.
Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta ce "ana sanya takunkumi ne saboda don gyarawa amma ba domin kuntatawa fararen hular kasar ba".
Kamar yadda tsarin ya tanada, ana dage takunkumin ne a hankali bisa dogaro da yadda kasar take kokarin koma wa tafarkin dimokuradiyya.
A matakin nahiya, takunkuman sun hada da dakatar da kasa daga aikace-aikacen Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka. Kungiyoyin yanki za su iya daukar matakin sanya takunkumin tattalin arziki da na kudi.
Kuma ana sanya takunkumin hana tafiye-tafiye kan jami'an gwamnatin da kuma manyan jagororin wadannan kasashe.
Game da Mali da Guinea da kuma Burkina Faso, Kungiyar Raya Tattalin Arzikin Yankin Yammacin Afirka (ECOWAS) ta dakatar da wadannan kasashe daga cin duk wata moriya da kuma a wasu lokuta rufe iyakokin kasashen.
Har ila yau kungiyar ECOWAS ta yi Allah wadai da juyin mulkin Nijar kuma ta yi kira da mayar tsarin da kundin tsarin mulki ya amince da shi.
Sai dai wasu masu sharhi sun ce kungiyoyin yankin ba sa yin kokari sosai wajen hana juyin mulki a Afirka kuma ba sa matsa wa jagororin juyin mulkin don su mayar da kasashensu tafarkin dimokuradiyya.
Wannan yanayi shi ma yana cikin abin da ya sa sojojin ba sa jin tsoron yin juyin mulkin.
Har ila yau wani kalubale da yake takaita ikon kungiyoyin yankin shi ne ikon da kasashen suke da shi na kasashe masu cin gashin kansu, wanda hakan ke nufin akwai iyaka kan abin da kungiyoyin yankin za su iya yi na sanya takunkumi kan jagororin juyin mulkin.
Tun da an ci gaba da samun juyin mulki a wadannan kasashe, ana muhawara kan tasirin takunkum. A bangarenta, Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta yi amannar cewa abu mafi muhimmanci shi ne sakon.
Bayan takunkumi, kungiyoyin yankin da Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka sun dukafa wajen kwadaitar da jagororin juyin mulkin da su mika mulki ga gwamnatin farar-hula.
A Sudan, an ki mutunta lokacin da aka ce za a dawo da kasar tafarkin dimokuradiyya ta hanyar gudanar da zabuka saboda sabon rikici ya barke tsakanin shugabannin sojin kasar tun ranar 15 ga watan Afrilun bana.
Yayin da take kokarin tilasta wa kasashen hudu koma tafarkin dimokuradiyya, yanzu Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta samu kalubale na biyar – wato juyin mulkin Nijar.
