Daga Sylvia Chebet
Rumbun adana irin shuka na duniya na Svalbard Global Seed Vault ya karɓi ajiya mai cike da tarihi ta sabon samfurin kwayoyin halittun iri fiye da 30,000 daga masu ajiya 23 a faɗin ƙasashe 21, har da rumbunan ajiye iri na ƙasa da ƙasa guda bakwai.
Wannan karon ne aka samu masu ajiya mafi yawa tun da rumbun ya karɓi samfuri daga rumbunan iri 35 da ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba a shekarar 2020.
Wannan ya nuna yunkurin gaggawa da duniya ke yi na adana tsirrai daban-daban yayin da ake fuskantar ƙaruwar sauyin yanayi, yaƙe da yaƙe da kuma wasu tashe tashen hankali.
"Sauyin yanayi da yaƙe yaƙe suna yin barazana ga kayayyakin more rayuwa sannan suna yin tasiri kan samar da wadataccen abinci na mutane sama da miliyan 700 a ƙasashe fiye da 75 a faɗin duniya.
Rumbunan adana kwayoyin halittun gado na iri daban daban na ƙara ƙaimi wajen karɓar irin da adana shi saboda ɓacin rana, kuma muna alfaharin tallafa musu ta hanyar samar musu da tudun-mun-tsira a Svalbard," a cewar Stefan Schmitz, daraktan gudanarwa na gidauniyar tsirrai ta Crop Trust.
Maganin ɓacin ranar
Tsohuwar daraktar gudanarwa ta Svalbard Marie Haga ta bayyana rumbun adana kwayoyin halittun gado na iri daban daban na duniya na Svalbard Global Seed a matsayin "maganin ɓacin ranar ɓacin rana a wani gagarumin tsari na duniya."
Rumbun adana Irin da aka gina kan kuɗi Dalar Amurka miliyan tara yana da girman ajiye samfurin iri miliyan 4.5. Kowane samfuri ya ƙunshi matsakaicin adadin iri 500, iri mafi yawa da za a iya adanawa a ma'ajiyar shi ne biliyan 2.25.
A halin yanzu, akwai kusan iri daban-daban kimanin miliyan ɗaya da aka tattaro daga faɗin duniya da aka adana a rumbun.
"Idan muka rasa iri na gado a faɗin duniya sakamakon yaƙi ko annoba, abin farin ciki ne a san cewa za mu sake samo kayan a nan, mu fara tun daga tushe kuma mu samar da abincin da duniya ke buƙata," kamar yadda Haga ta ƙara da cewa.
"Ƙa'ida mafi inganci da aka amince da ita a kan kowane rumbun adana kwayoyin halittar iri ita ce irin da aka samar domin ɓacin rana shi ma a samar da makwafinsa a wasu wuraren,"Luis Salazar, manajan sadarwa na gidauniyar Crop Trust ya gaya wa TRT Afrika.
"Hasali ma, bisa ƙa'idojin rumbunan adana iri daban-daban na Hukumar Abinci Ta Duniya FAO, ya kamata duk rumbunan su mallaki makwafi guda biyu domin ɓacin rana - ɗaya a wani rumbun (idan so samu ne a wata ƙasar), na biyun kuma a rumbun Svalbard, wanda shi dama an yi shi ne domin ɓacin rana.
Lokacin da rumbun kwayoyin halittar gado na iri na Syria ya salwanta a Alepo lokacin yaƙin, wanda ta ajiye a Svalbard shi ya cece ta. Ƙasar ta ɗebo iri daga rumbun kuma ta iya sake samar da tsirrai daban daban.
Me ya sa sai Svalbard?
Svalbard da ke da nisan kilomita 1300 (mil 800) daga ƙuryar Arewacin Duniya, an zaɓe shi ne saboda yanayin sanyinsa da kuma dusar Ƙanƙara abin da ya zamar da yankin waje mafi dacewa da gina ɗakin ajiya na ƙarƙashin ƙasa mai sanyi.
Rumbun adana irin yana girke a wajen ban mamaki mai nisan kimanin mita 120 a cikin tsauni, domin tabbatarwa ɗakunan da ake ajiye irin za su kasance a daskare ko da kuwa an samu matsala da na'urar sanyaya waje da kuma ƙaruwar ɗumi daga waje saboda sauyin yanayi.
An gina rumbun ne domin ya iya kaiwa shekaru 200 bai lalace ba kuma zai iya jure wa girgizar ƙasa da fashewar abubuwan fashewa. Kasancewar shi a gefen tsauni, rumbun zai ci gaba da kasancewa a saman teku ko kuwa duk ƙanƙarar sun narke.
A kullum akwai jirgin saman da yake jigila a yankin archipelago na Norway, wanda ke tsakanin ƙasar Norway da kuma ƙuryar Arewacin Duniya, da aka sani da mummunan yanayi mai nisan tsiya da ya ƙunshi mugayen dabbobi.
Masu kai ajiya daga Afrika
Chad, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Bolivia,Papua New Guinea da kuma Suriname sun kai ajiyarsu a karon farko wannan shekarar.
Chadi tana ajiye samfurin irin shinkafa da masara da dawa 1.145. Wannan ajiyar tana da muhimmanci musamman saboda waɗannan nau'in tsirran sun saba da yanayin wuyan sha'ani irin na Chadi, saboda haka yake da muhimmanci wajen samar da shukar da za su iya jure wa ƙarin zafi da rashin tsayayyen ruwan sama.
Mali mai makwabtaka ta ajiye samfurin masara 212 sannan Najeriya, ta ajiye samfurin kuɓewa da atarugu 200.
Tanzania na ajiye samfurin kayan lambu da wasu shukokin fiye da 100, tana cike wani muhimmin giɓi.
A cewar Crop Trust, ƙasa da 10% ne na tsirran da aka ajiye a asusun adana kwayoyin halittun gado na iri na nau'ikan kayan lambu a faɗin duniya fiye da 1,100.
Akwai buƙatar gaggawa ta cetowa da kuma adana nau'o'i daban daban na kayan lambu domin magance rashin abinci mai gina jiki.
Morocco na ajiye samfurin chickpea, barley and lentils 2,292, yayin da rumbuna guda biyu daga Zambia sun ajiye jimillar samfurin kayan lambu da gero da dawa da masara da wake da gyaɗa da pigeon peas 825.
Ita ma Ethiopia ta ajiye wasu samfurin iri 1,750.
Sudan ta haɗa daruruwan samfurin irin dawa da gero duk da yaƙin da ake gwabzawa a ƙasar da kuma rashin iya kaiwa ga rumbun ƙasar da ke Wad Medani.
Ana sa rai za a busar da samfurin sannan a musu alamomi a shirye-shiryen da ake yi na tafiyar ƙarshe da su zuwa Svalbard a watan Fabrairu na shekarar 2025.
A cewar Crop Trust, iri na iya mutuwa ko da a rumbun adana kwayoyin halittun gado iri idan ba a kulawa da su. "Babu irin da ke rayuwa har abada. Rawar da rumbun adana kwayoyin halittun gado na iri ke takawa ita ya tabbatar wannan nau'in ya tsira da ransa kuma an bai wa masu amfani da shi," manajan sadarwa Salazar yana cewa.
Sai dai, samar da makwafin irin domin ɓacin rana, a halin da ake ciki, ba kasafai aka saba ganin hakan ba," ya bayyana.
"Hakan ya faru ne sakamakon rashin kuɗi. Galibin rumbunan adana kwayoyin halittun gado na iri kuɗin da suke da shi kawai shi ne na samar da wuta da kuma biyan ɗawainiyar ci gaba da sanyaya ɗakunan adana kayan."
Gina rumbun adana kwayoyin halittun gado na iri na Svalbard Global Seed Vault domin yin hidima ga rumbunan ajiye samfurin irin kwayoyin halittun gado a faɗin duniya kyauta shi ne "makomar aikin gona" inji Haga.
