An kai dakarun Yammacin Afirka karkashin ECOMOG don kawo karshen yakin basasar. Hoto: Reuters

Daga Charles Mgbolu

Haye bisa allon ninkaya, Oscar Morris mai shekara 28 ya kutsa teku da asubar fari daga gidansu da ke bakin gaba a garin Robertson mara hayaniya mai nisan kilomita 114 daga Monrovia babban birnin Liberia.

Jikinsa na karkarwa a yayin da yake wala-gigi a saman ruwan mai kumfa, yana mai jiran igiyar ruwa da za ta hankada shi a wannan wasa na jin dadi da yake yi.

Wata rana ce mai kyau da armashi a wannan bangare na Liberia, kuma duk da cewa Morris ba wai mai kudin a zo a gani ba ne da ke yawon shakatawa daga wannan gaba zuwa waccan, yana da abubuwa da dama da ya kamata ya gode wa Ubangiji.

Shekara 20 baya, ana rayuwa ne don a kubuta, ba wai ninkaya a kan allo ba da Morris ke yi, inda iyalinsa suke gwagwarmayar guje wa 'yan tawaye da ke afka wa gidajen mutane a yayin yakin basasar da ya afku a kasar wanda ya janyo mutuwar sama da mutum 250,000, kamar yadda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bayyana.

"Ina tunanin a lokacin ina dan shekara bakwai. Ba na iya tuna abubuwa da dama, amma na san muna tafiya da daddare a cikin dazuka tare da sauran jama'a," in ji Morris yayin tattaunawarsa da TRT Afirka.

Barnar yaki

Yakin basasa biyu da Liberia ta yi - na faro daga 24 ga Disamban 1989 zuwa 2 ga Agustan 1997, sai na biyu daga 21 ga Afrilun 1999 zuwa 18 ga Agustan 2003 - sun rusa kadarorin gwamnati da jama'a tare da kacalcala iyalai da al'ummu.

A watan Agustan 2003 aka kawo karshen yakin Liberia. Hoto: Reuters

An kuma lalata tattalin arzikin kasar, inda bayan yakin basasar da 'yan shekaru matsakaicin kudaden da 'yan kasa ke samu ya ragu zuwa kaso daya cikin takwas idan aka kwatanta da yadda yake a shekarar 1980.

Hakan ya sanya Liberia ta zama daya daga cikin kasashen duniya mafiya talauci, kamar yadda Cibiyar Kula da Cigaba a Duniya ta bayyana.

Eziekel (Ba sunana na gaskiya ba) da 'yan tawaye suka dauka yake yaki tare da su tun yana dan karami, yana fuskantar bakin tunani sakamakon munanan abubuwan da ya shaida a lokacin da irin su Morris ba su gani ba.

Eziekel ya tuna wani abu inda ya ce "Ana takura mana mu sha muggan kwayoyi kafin mu fita kashe mutane kamar kiyashi."

"Daga baya dole na je wajen magani, kuma kwamitin sulhu da coci ta kafa da hadin gwiwar gwamnati ne suka taimaka min wajen samun waraka. Har yanzu kowacce rana ina addu'ar neman gafara - saboda munanan abubuwan da na aikata a lokacin yakin."

Naushi biyu

Baya ga sakamakon yakin basasa guda biyu da aka fuskanta, Liberia ta kuma fuskanci annobar wasu cututtuka biyu - annobar Ebola da ta addabi yammacin Afirka a 2014 da Covid-19 da ta addabi dukkan duniya a 2020.

Riga-kafin Corona ta kubutar da rayukan miliyoyin mutane. Hoto: Reuters

Cutar Ebola, ta janyo illa mai muni a Liberia, inda sama da mutum 10,000 suka kamu da cutar, yayin da sama da 4,000 suka mutu.

Seidu Swaray, daraktan zartarwa na Kungiyar Hidimtawa Jama'a ta Liberia ya tuna da irin yadda Ebola ta jefa mutane da dama da suka tsira daga yaki cikin mummunan tunani.

Ya shaida wa TRT Afirka cewa "yawan rasa rayukan ya matuka girgiza kasar da kuma yadda ya zo fuja'atan. Ya zama kamar wani sabon yaki aka fara gaba daya, kuma wannan ya tayar da hankalin mutane da dama sosai."

Sake farfadowa

Kamar phoenix, Liberia ta farfado daga burbushin rugujewa, guguwar yakin da ta dinga kadawa a kasar a yanzu ta kau.

Ranar 18 ga Agustan 2023 ita ce ranar tunawa da cika shekaru da kawo karshen yakin basasar, lamarin da ake bikinsa a fadin kasar ta Yammacin Afirka.

Liberian people are trying to move on from the horrors of the war. Photo: UN

Babbar Jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Liberia Christine Umutoni, ta bayyana cewa ba karamin abun dadi da farin ciki ba ne yadda kasar ta samu zama lafiya, tana sauya wa daga kasa mafi rauni zuwa mafi zaman lafiya a Yammacin Afirka.

A wasikar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta watan Agustan 2023, Umutoni ta rubuta cewa "Bayan yakin basasar, an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya a watan Agustan 2003 a Accra, Ghana.

Tun wannan lokaci, wannan kasar da nake alfahari da aiki a cikinta a matsayin Babbar Jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ta yi kokari wajen cigaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa."

An ragargaza tattalin arzikin kasar a lokacin yakin, amma an yi kokarin gyara al'amarin.

Hasashe mai kyau

A watan Janairu, tsohon dan kwallon kafar kasar George Weah, wanda ya gaji Ellen Johnson Sirleaf a matsayin shugaban kasa a 2017, ya sanar da hasashen tattalin arzikinsu zai bunkasa da kaso 4.2 cikin 100, daga kaso 3.7 a 2022.

Bankin Duniya ya bayyana cewa tattalin arzikin Liberia ya habaka a 2022 duk da matsalar da yakin Yukren ya jefa duniya a ciki, tashin farashin kayayyaki da tsananin bukatar kasashen da suka ci gaga suka nuna ta kayayyaki.

George Weah ya karbi mulki daga hannun Ellen Johnson Sirleaf a 2017 tare da fatan zai ciyar da kasar gaba. Hoto: Reuters

Bangarorin ayyukan noma da hakar ma'adanai ne suka kawo habakar tattalin arzikin. Bangaren noma ya samu habaka da kaso 5.9 daga kashi 3/3 a 2021 inda aka bunkasa nomar shinkafa da rogo.

Kayan da masana'antu ke samarwa sun karu da kaso 10.4 a 2022, wanda samar da gwala-gwalai ke kan gaba.

Amma Jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Umutoni ta shaida cewa akwai ayyuka da yawa da suka yi saura da za a gudanar don fitar da jama'a daga talauci.

Ta ce "Talauci a kasar na nan a tsakanin jama'a. Har yanzu akwai tazara da rashin adalcin samun arziki tsakanin maza da mata, kuma an yi hasashen kaso 57 na yara kanana ba sa zuwa makaranta.

"Abu mafi muni ma shi ne yadda kayan masarufi suke tashin gwauron zabi bayan Rasha ta afka wa Yukren, wanda hakan ya kara ta'azzara kalubalen tattalin arzikin da Liberia ke fuskanta."

Cigaban dimokuradiyya

A watan Mayun 2023, Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya (WTO) ta bayyana nazarinta kan kasuwanci na farko a Liberia tun bayan da kasar ta shiga kungiyar a watan Yulin 2016.

Darakta Janar ta WTO Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, ta bayar da shawara ga Liberia kan ta kara bayar da muhimmanci da fifiko ga harkokin kasuwanci, da suka hada da gudanar da ayyuka da kasashen ECOWAS da kuma aiki da Yarjejeniyar Kasuwancin Bai Daya na Kasashen Afirka.

Ana sa ran hauhawar farashi zai karu zuwa kashi 7.8 a watanni masu zuwa na 2023. Hoto: Reuters

Kungiyar WTO ta yi hasashen cewa kasar za ta amfana da sauye-sauyen da ta kawo a harkar hakar ma'adanai da makamashi da kasuwancin sufuri da hada-hadar kudade.

Hauhawar farashi, an yi hasashen zai karu zuwa kashi 7.8 a 2023, sannan zuwa 2025 zai ragu zuwa kashi 5.5.

A yayin da ake shirin yaki, amma wani sabon yaki na daban ne ga jama'ar Liberia da za su zabo sabon shugaban kasa, na hudu tun bayan yakin basasa na biyu a kasar.

A wannan lokaci, za su fuskanci yanayi mai tsauri na yanke hukuncin wa za su zaba don jagorantar kasar, wanda zai tafiyar da dukkan illolin da yake-yaken suka janyo.

Kamar Morris a kan allon ninkayarsa, Liberia ma za ta yi ninkaya don guje wa manyan kifaye a teku.

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