Idan har burin inganta kyakkyawan shugabanci a Afirka ya wuce batun inganta kasa, to Attajirin nan dan Sudan, Dr Mo Ibrahim ya fito da gasar cin dala miliyan biyar don shuwagabannin Afirka.
A shekarar 2006, Dr Mo Ibrahim ya ayyana gasar dala miliyan biyar don magance matsalar raunin shugabanci da ke damun Afirka tsawon shekaru.
Kyautar “Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership” Gidauniyar Mo Ibrahim ce ke gudanar da ita, kuma ana ganinta a matsayan mafi girman kyautar tsabar kudi a harkar inganta shugabanci.
Duk wanda ya lashe kyautar, ana ba shi dala miliyan biyar cikin shekaru 10, da kuma dala dubu 200 duk shekara, iya tsawon rai.
Kowace shekara, wani kwamiti mai zaman kansa, wanda ya kunshi dattijai yakan zabi shugaban da ya cancanci kyautar.
Shekaru 16 bayan bullo da shirin bayar da kyautar, masana sun fara nazarin tasirinta kan kyautatuwar shugabanci da dimukradiyya a Afirka.
Wata masaniya, Dr Idayat Hassan da ke cibiyar nazarin tsare-tsare da bincike a birnin Abuja, wato Center for Democracy and Development, ta yi imanin cewa kyautar tana taimaka wa shugabanci da halayyar shugabannin Afirka.
Dr Idayat Hassan ta sanar da TRT Afrika cewa, “Kyautar Ibrahim Prize ta dace da muradunta, kuma babban shiri ne da ke daga darajar kyautata shugabanci. Kuma tana karfafa shugabannin da ke kan mulki su jaddada salon mulkinsu”.
Sai dai kuma a ra’ayin Dr Chris Kwaja, wani mukaddashin farfesa a fannin dangantakar kasashe, kyautar Ibrahim Prize wata harka ce ta masu hannu da shuni.
Sai dai kuma ya amsa cewa kyautar tana inganta harkokin shugabanci a Afirka, wanda abu ne mai alfanu.
Batu ne na fahimta
Dr Kwaja wanda ke koyarwa a Jami’ar Modibbo Adama da ke Yola arewa maso gabashin Nijeriya, yana da korafi game da tsarin zabar wadanda suke cin kyautar.
Ya kara da cewa, “Suna dogara ne kan wani karamin kwamiti da ke tattaunawa kan wa zai lashe kyautar. Kuma mambobin kwamitin suna da nasu ra’ayin, wanda ta yiwu ya samu ne ta dalilin ra’ayoyin jaridun duniya game da ‘yan takarar.”
Dr Kwaja ya ba da shawarar cewa a bai wa ‘yan Afirka damar zabin wanda ya cancanci kyautar, ta hanyar fadada muhawara.
Ya jaddada cewa, “A tuna fa, mutanen Afirka ne suka zabi shugabannin nan. Sannan tun da wadannan mutane ba sa cikin kwamitin kyautar da ke zabar wanda zai lashe, a karshe rahoton da kwamitin gasar za su fitar na tsirarun mutane ne, wadanda suka yi nisa da ainihin abin da ke faruwa cikin kasashen na Afirka.”
Ya kuma rufe da cewa, “Ba na jin kwamitin yana lura da ra’ayoyin mutane da kuma yadda suke auna ingancin shugabanin”.
Masanin ya yi imanin cewa wadanda za a bai wa kyautar ya kamata su shiga takara don fitar da wanda ya fi dacewa ya samu kyautar.
Wa ya cancanci kyautar?
A ra’ayin Dr Kwaja, ba lallai kyautar ta mai da hankali kan shugabannin siyasar Afirka kawai ba, a kokarinsu na cimma tasiri da muradun kyautar.
Ya ambata cewa, “Akwai mutane da dama da suka cancanci wannan kyautar, amma tsarin kyautar da ke kallon shugabannin siyasa kawai, ya mayar da shi tsukakke.”
Ya yi amanna cewa ya kamata kwamitin kyautar ya fara “duba ‘yan fafutukar kawo sauyi na cikin al’umma, da ‘yan kasuwa da ‘yan kungiyoyin sa-kai.”
A bangarenta na mai daukar nauyin kyautar, Gidauniyar Mo Ibrahim ta bayyana ka’idojin kyautar karara. Gidauniyar ta yi bayanin cewa kyautar an tsara ta ne da nufin zamowa “ma’aunin kyawun shugabanci a Afirka”.
Wasu daga cikin matakan ingancin wanda zai ci kyautar sun hada da zamowa tsohon shugaban kasa ko gwamnati, da zama zababben shugaba karkashin dimukradiya, wanda ya bar mulki cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata, kuma ya ci zangon mulkinsa da doka ta ba shi, kuma ya nuna “bajintar shugabanci”.
Gidauniyar ta ayyana cewa muradun kyautar shi ne girmama shugabanni nagari a Afirka, wadanda duk da kalubalen da ke gabansu, suka “gina kasarsu kuma suka karfafa dimukradiyya da ‘yancin dan adam don amfanin al’ummarsu.
Kuma suka samar da sukunin wadata da daidaito mai dorewa ga al’ummarsu”.
Sauran muradun kyautar su ne “fito da shugabanni ababen koyi ga nahiyar”, da kuma “tabbatar da nahiyar Afirka ta ci gaba da amfana da kwarewa da hikimomin shugabannin da suka yi fice, har bayan sun bar kujerar mulki”, sannan da “taimaka wa shugabannin su ci gaba da gudanar da ayyuka ga jama’a cikin nahiyar”.
An rasa mai cin kyauta
Tun shekarar 2020, babu wani shugaban Afirka da aka samu ya cancanci samun kyautar da ake bayarwa duk shekara.
A baya an samu lokutan da kwamitin zabar masu cin kyautar bai samu wadanda suka cancanci kyautar ba, shekara bayan shekara.
A zahiri ma, tun da aka fara bayar da kyautar a shekarar 2007, shugabanni bakwai ne kacal suka ci kyautar zuwa yau. Su ne:
Shugaba Mahamadou Issoufou na Nijar (2020)
Shugaba Ellen Johnson Sirleaf ta Liberia (2017)
Shugaba Hifikepunye Pohamba na Namibia (2014)
Shugaba Pedro Pires na Cape Verde (2011)
Shugaba Festus Mogae na Botswana (2008)
Shugaba Joaquim Chissano na Mozambique (2007)
Dr Nelson Mandela na Afirka ta Kudu ya samu kyautar a matsayin girmamawa, cikin shekarar da aka kaddamar da ita.
Wasu sun yi imanin cewa karancin adadin masu cin kyautar, da kuma yawaitar shekarun da aka rasa wanda zai ci kyautar, duk yana nuna raunin shugabanci a nahiyar Afirka.
Sai dai kuma, wasu na ganin hakan na nuni ne kan kokarin gidauniyar na kafa tsauraran ka’idojin kafin cin kyautar.
Masaniyar dimukradiyya da cigaba a Afirka, Dr Idayat Hassan ta ce, “Babban abin a zo a gani ne, cewa tun bayan fara bayar da kyautar, mutum bakwai ne kawai suka ci kyautar.”
Tana ganin wannan a matsayin wata alama mai nuni da cewa “ka’idojin kyautar sun dace da muradunta”.
Mutum na karshe da ya samu kyautar, tsohon shugaban Nijar Mahamadou Issoufou, ya kwatanta kyautar a matsayin, “wani kaimi da zai sa mutum ya ci gaba da yin tunani da aiki kan turbar da za ta daukaka muradun dimukradiyya da kyakkyawan shugabanci, ba wai kawai a Nijar ba, har da Afirka da duniya baki daya”.
Gidauniyar Mo Ibrahim tana da yakinin cewa kyautar “tana da damar sauya tunani game da shugabanci a Afirka, ta hanyar fitowa da jarumai abin koyi ga duniya daga nahiyar”.
Muhimmancin kudi
Duniya na kallon wannan kyauta a matsayin wani tallafi da zai dakatar da shugabannin Afirka daga sabawa ko canja tsarin mulkin kasarsu, domin ci gaba da zama a kujerar mulki.
Sai dai Dr Kwaja yana ganin bayar da kudi ba shi ne “mafi a’ala” ba. Dr Kwaja ya kara da cewa, “Yana da kyau a gwarzanta shugabanni nagari, amma yayin da ka shigo da kudi cikin harkar, babbar tambaya ita ce: Me tsohon shugaba a Afirka zai yi da kudi bayan ya bar mulki?”
A nata ganin, Dr Idayat Hassan ta gamsu cewa wannan tallafi bai tsaya kawai ga “samun daukaka” ba.
Kudin, kamar yadda ta ambata, zai yi tasiri ne wajen “tallafa wa tsofaffin shugabannin har zuwa karshen rayuwarsu”.
Ta kara da cewa, “Muna bukatar mu sake sabon tunani kan Kyautar Mo Ibrahim, domin ta zamo wani babban tallafi ga shugabannin Afirka.
Ya kamata kyautar ta dubi kalubalen da muke fama da su a yau”.
“Kyautar wani kaimi ne da zai sa mutum ya ci gaba da yin tunani da aiki kan turbar da za ta daukaka muradun dimukradiyya da kyakkyawan shugabanci, ba wai kawai a Nijar ba, har da Afirka da duniya baki daya”.
Shafin Gidauniyar Mo Ibrahim ya ambata cewa, kudurin kyautar na tsabar kudi dala miliyan biyar shi ne, “Tabbatar da cewa nahiyar Afirka ta ci gaba da amfana daga kwarewa da hikimomin kwararrun shugabanni da zarar sun bar mulkin kasa, ta hanyar tallafa musu su ci gaba da aikinsu na taimakon al’umma.”
Gidauniyar ta kara da cewa “kyautar ba ta dogara kan girmama wanda ya lashe ba, akwai kuma janyo muhawara kan shugabanci.”
Dr Idayat Hassan da Dr Chris Kwaja duka sun yi amanna cewa kyauta guda ba za ta iya haifar da kyautata shugabanci a fadin Afirka ba. Nahiyar tana bukatar karin tsare-tsaren kawo cigaba.
