Daga Mazhun Idris
Ana bikin cika shekara 60 da kafa kungiyar hadin-kan Afirka ta “Organisation of African Unity” (OAU), wadda yanzu ake kira da Tarayyar Afirka, “African Union”. Bikin yana da abin kayatarwa daidai da abin ban mamaki irin na masu tambaya kan matsayin nahiyar Afirka.
Bayan dumbin shekaru na hadin kan siyasa da tattalin arziki, a matsayin nahiya daya, har yanzu akwai masu cewa Afirka “nahiya ce mara shugabanci”.
Ranar 25 ga watan Mayu ita ce Ranar Afirka, wadda aka ware domin tunawa da kafa kungiyar OAU a wannan ranar a shekarar 1963.
Tun kafuwarta, kungiyar ta samu ci-gaba inda a yanzu take da mambobi 55 da suke aiki don kawar da matsalolinsu a tare.
Yayin da Tarayyar Afirka take alfahari da cimma nasarori, akwai masu mata shaguben cewa nahiya ce mai girma mara alfanu.
Farfesa Carlos Lopez, tsohon babban sakataren Cibiyar Tattalin Arzikin Afirka ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, yana cikin masu inkarin wannan habaici da ake wa Afirka.
Farfesa Lopez ya ce wannan zargi ya saba wa zahiri, kasancewarsa masani kan fin-karfin da ake nunawa Afirka. Ya ce tallafin da kasashen waje ke bai wa Afirka ana zuzuta shi fiye da kima, saboda kason wannan tallafi bai taka kara ya karya ba.
Afirka tana samun kudaden shiga daga masu zuba jari na ciki da na waje. Kuma yawan ‘yan Afirka mazauna waje da suke turo kudi gida yana karuwa, yayin da tallafin kasashen wajen ke raguwa.
Fatali da mulkin mallaka
A cewar Farfesa Lopez, ya kamata Afirka ta zama cikin shirin “kare kai” a bangaren cigaba. Ya fada wa TRT Afrika cewa, “Dole Afirka ta kare kanta don zama cikin shirin inganta rayuwa a nahiyar cikin sauri, don tabbatar da za ta iya taka rawa a siyasar duniya”.
An kafa kungiyar hada kan Afirka ta OAU ne a birnin Addis Ababa na Habasha, don cimma wannan kuduri. A lokacin, gwamnatocin kasashen Afirka 32 ne suka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar kafa kungiyar, da gina "hadaddiyar Afirka mai bunkasa, da zaman lafiya, kuma wadda ‘ya’yanta suke da karfi a duniya ".
Wata manufa da kasashen da suka kafa kungiyar suka amince wa, ita ce ta yakar mulkin mallaka, kasancewar a lokacin nan nahiyar tana fama da mulkin mallaka daga kasashen yammacin duniya.
Kungiyar ta yaki wannan annoba kuma ta fara gina taimakekeniya a fadin nahiyar.
Bayan da mafi yawan kasashen Afirka suka samu ‘yancin kai a shekarun da suka biyo bayan 1960, OAU ta sauya babbar manufarta zuwa yaki da mulkin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu, inda aka yi nasara a shekarun 1990s.
A shekarar 2002 ne kungiyar OAU ta sauya suna ta koma Tarayyar Afirka, bayan hukuncin shugabannin Afirka tun a shekarar 1999, na cewa ya kamata a kafa sabon kawance da zai ja ragamar aikin da aka faro.
Matsayar da aka cimma ita ce cewa, “Akwai bukatar sake alkibla daga yakar mulkin mallaka zuwa inaganta hadin kan kasashen Afirka, don kawo cigaban tattalin arziki".
Tarayyar Afirka dai tana ba da karfi wajen kawo cigaban tattalin arziki da siyasa mai dorewa, da tabbatar da tsaro da daukaka sunan Afirka.
Shugabar ofishin Zaman lafiya da Tsaro na Tarayyar Afirka, Neema Chusi, ta fada wa TRT Afrika cewa, “Muna aiki don magance rikice-rikice, tun daga alamunsu, da daukar mataki kansu, da warware su. Kuma muna sa hankali kan gina al’umma bayan rikici."
Ofishin na Chusi yana aiki don kawar da rikici a Afirka, wanda muhimmin aiki ne mai bukatar sa-ido kan zamantakewa, da siyasa, da lamuran tattalin arziki.
Sa-idon yana haifar da gano alamun rikici, kuma “suna aiki don tallafawa kasashen da ke samun sauyin siyasa, da tabbatar da zaman lafiya” a cewar Chusi.
Ayyukan kungiyar na samar da zaman lafiya a sassan Afirka sun hada da shirin kula da sauyin gwamnati a Somaliya, wato African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS). “Wannan shiri ne mai matakai da yawa (fanni soji, da ‘yan sanda, da farar hula).
Tarayyar Afirka da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ne suke yin sa tare. An fara shirin ne a watan Afrilu na 2022, bayan ya maye gurbin tsohon shirin “African Union Mission to Somalia”, wanda shi ma yake karkashin amincewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.
Kuzarin ‘yan Afirka yana da tasiri
Moussa Faki Mahamat shi ne shugaban hukumar gudanarwar Tarayyar Afirka, kuma ya ce shirin ATMIS an yi shi ne don gini kan "cigaban da aka samu cikin shekaru 15 na tallafawa Somaliya wajen gina rundunar sojin kasa, da rundunar ‘yan sanda, da sauran hukumomin gwamnati”.
Cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan kafa OAU, musamman lokacin samun ‘yancin kan yawancin kasashe, bayan shekarar 1963, da yawa daga kasashen Afirka sun kasance karkashin jagorancin matasan shugabanni masu kuzari da kishin Afirka.
Sai dai shekaru na tafiya, sai wannan kuzari na jagororin Afirka ya fara nuna alamun raguwa, kamar yadda aka gani a kasashe daban-daban.
A yau nahiyar Afirka tana bukatar wannan jagoranci mai kuzari fiye da kowane lokaci, a cewar Ambasada Tibor P. Nagy, tsohon mataimakin sakataren Hukumar Al’amuran Afirka, a ma’aikatar kasashen waje ta Amurka, kuma tsohon jakadan Amurka a Habasha.
Ambasada Nagy ya yi amanna cewa har yanzu Afirka tana bukatar magance matsalolin shugabanci, wanda zai sa ta cimma damarta ta zamowa mai fada a ji.
Ya fada wa TRT Afrika cewa, "Afirka ta cimma nasarori wajen kawar da kangin mulkin mallaka. Kuma akwai dama a zahiri ga Afirka don ta zamo nahiyar da za ta ciri tuta a karni na 21”.
Afirka dai ita ce nahiya ta biyu a yawan jama’a, saboda tana da mutane biliyan 1.4, yawancinsu matasa. Idan aka gwama wannan da albarkatun kasa da nahiyar ke da shi a duka sassan nahiyar, hakan zai haifar da cigaba mai ninkawa.
Ambasada Nagy ya ce kasashen Afirka suna bukatar su shigar da matasa cikin ayyukan cigaban nahiyar, wanda ita kanta Tarayyar Afirka ta nuna cewa tana mayar da hankali kai.
Shugabar ofishin Zaman lafiya da Tsaro na Tarayyar Afirka, Neema Chusi, ta ce, “Zan iya ce maka ana tafiya da matasa a ayyukan Tarayyar Afirka a yanzu. Muna da wani shiri na Matasa ‘Yan Sa-kai, wanda ke tattaro matasa a nahiyar don ba su horo, da tura su aiki a cibiyoyin tarayyar”.
Ta kara da cewa, “Wannan shiri ya kawo matasa cikin tsarin Tarayyar Afirka. Idan ka zo shedikwatar Tarayyar Afirka, ka dan yi tattaki, na tabbata za ka ci karo da matasa, sama da dattijai”.
