Chinese President Xi Jinping is apparently skipping this week’s Group of 20 summit in India as bilateral relations remain icy.
Instead, Premier Li Qiang will represent China at the September 9-10 gathering, the Foreign Ministry said on Monday in a one-sentence notice on its website.
Relations between China and India have grown frosty over their disputed border.
Three years ago, the tensions resulted in a clash in the Ladakh region that killed 20 Indian and four Chinese soldiers.
It turned into a long-running standoff in the rugged mountainous area, where each side has stationed tens of thousands of military personnel backed by artillery, tanks and fighter jets.
Frictions have also risen over trade and India's growing strategic ties with China's main rival, the United States.
Both India and China have expelled the other's journalists.
Technology rivals
India recently overtook China as the world's most populous nation and the two are rivals in technology, space exploration and global trade.
Asked why Xi would not be attending the summit, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Mao Ning declined to answer.
“The G20 is a major forum for international economic cooperation. China has always attached great importance to and actively participated in relevant activities,” Mao told reporters at a daily briefing.
“Premier Li Qiang will elaborate on China’s views and propositions on G20 cooperation, promote the G20 to strengthen solidarity and cooperation and work together to address global economic and development challenges,” she said.
Mao said China is ready to work with all parties “to jointly promote the success of the G20” summit and "make positive contributions to promoting the stable recovery of the world economy and promoting sustainable development."
‘Peace and tranquility’
Chinese and Indian military commanders met just last month and pledged to “maintain the peace and tranquility” along their disputed border, in an apparent effort to stabilise the situation.
The Line of Actual Control separates Chinese- and Indian-held territories from Ladakh in the west to India’s eastern state of Arunachal Pradesh, which China claims in its entirety.
India and China fought a war over their border in 1962. As its name suggests, the line divides the areas of physical control rather than territorial claims.
According to India, the de facto border is 3,488 kilometers long, but China promotes a considerably shorter figure.
In all, China claims some 90,000 square kilometers (35,000 square miles) of territory in India’s northeast, including Arunachal Pradesh with its mainly Buddhist population.
India says China occupies 38,000 square kilometers (15,000 square miles) of its territory in the Aksai Chin Plateau, which India considers part of Ladakh, where the current faceoff is happening.
Eliminating interaction with Biden?
China, in the meantime, began cementing relations with India’s archrival Pakistan and backing it on the issue of disputed Kashmir.
Firefights broke out in 1967 and 1975, leading to deaths on both sides. They have since adopted protocols, including an agreement not to use firearms, but those protocols have fractured.
Other than the potential effects on China-India relations, Xi's absence at the summit will also eliminate the possibility of an interaction with President Joe Biden. China-US relations remain at a historic low despite recent visits by US Secretary of State Antony Blinken and other officials to Beijing.
Speculation had churned for days that Xi would not attend, and even before China's official announcement, Biden on Sunday told reporters he did not expect a meeting with the Chinese leader.
“I am disappointed, but I am going to get to see him,” Biden said.
It is not clear when such a meeting could take place as a question mark now hangs over whether Xi will attend the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum leader's gathering in San Francisco in November.
Taiwan issue
China has demanded that the US invite Hong Kong’s Chief Executive John Lee to the forum despite a US visa ban over his role in crushing the semi-autonomous southern Chinese city’s pro-democracy movement.
A post Monday on the Ministry of State Security's social media site accused the US of sending mixed signals to China as part of a strategy of “obstruction, containment and suppression.”
The post from the ministry — China's equivalent to the former Soviet Union's KGB — condemned US support for self-governing Taiwan, economic competition, America's challenging of China's claim to the South China Sea and accusations of human rights abuses in Tibet.
“To truly realise ‘from Bali to San Francisco,’ the United States must present sufficient sincerity,” the post said, referencing the most recent meeting between the two heads of state on the Indonesian island of Bali at last November's G20 summit.
Territorial interests
Xi has accumulated more power at home than any Chinese leader since Mao Zedong, and has adopted an increasingly aggressive approach to what he views as China's territorial interests in the South China Sea and toward self-governing Taiwan, which China threatens to annex by force if necessary.
At the same time, China has struggled to recover economically from the hardline policies it took to control COVID-19. Foreign businesses also have complained of an increasingly difficult environment in which to invest in and trade with the country.
Xi will not be the only foreign head of state absent from the summit. Russian President Vladimir Putin, who faces war crimes charges over Russia's invasion of Ukraine, will also be skipping the summit, although he does plan to visit close partner China next month.
