The United States has imposed sanctions on Sudanese paramilitary commander Abdelrahim Hamdan Dagalo for acts of violence and human rights abuses committed by his troops in their months-long conflict with Sudan's army.
In a lengthy statement, the US Treasury said it had sanctioned Abdelrahim — a senior military commander and brother of Mohammed Hamdan Dagalo, who is the head of the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces — accusing him of leading a group of soldiers responsible for “the massacre of civilians, ethnic killings, and use of sexual violence.”
Sudan plunged into chaos almost five months ago when long-simmering tensions between the military, led by General Abdel Fattah Al-Burhan, and the RSF escalated into open warfare.
According to Wednesday's statement, the sanctions will block all US property and entities owned by Abdelrahim. They are the first sanctions targeting an individual and made public by the US since the conflict broke out.
In a parallel statement, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said on Wednesday that the US was also imposing visa restrictions on fellow RSF commander, Abdul Rahman Juma, barring him from entering the country.
Rights abuses
Blinken said forces led by Juma were likewise responsible for rights abuses, including the kidnap and murder of the former governor of West Darfur province, Khamis Abbakar, and his brother, in June.
Khamis was killed hours after he accused the paramilitary and allied militias of attacking local communities across West Darfur's capital, Genena, during a telephone interview with the Saudi-owned television station, Al-Hadath.
In June, the US imposed sanctions against four key companies either linked to or owned by the army and the RSF.
It also placed visa restrictions on officials from both Sudanese sides, as well as leaders from the former government led by ousted President Omar Al-Bashir. It did not specify which individuals were affected.
There was no immediate comment from the RSF. A spokesperson for the paramilitary force, when contacted by the Associated Press, said they would send a written statement later.
More than five million people have been displaced by the fighting in Sudan, the United Nations’ migration agency said on Wednesday as clashes showed no sign of easing.
Humanitarian crisis
According to the International Organization for Migration, over four million people have been internally displaced since the conflict erupted in mid-April while another 1.1 million have fled to neighbouring countries. More than 750,000 have travelled to either Egypt or Chad, the agency said.
The US also announced on Wednesday it will give $163 million in funding to respond to the humanitarian crisis created by the conflict.
The State Department said in a statement that, with this addition, the country will have committed $710 million to helping those effected by the fighting, including refugees in neighbouring countries.
International efforts to mediate between the two sides have so far failed. There have been at least nine ceasefire agreements since the outbreak and all have broken down.
Some observers praised the sanctions by Washington, saying the international community should follow suit.
Counterattacks
John Prendergast, co-founder of The Sentry, an organisation that tracks corruption and rights abuses said that sanctions are a way to get leverage over the warring parties.
“Quick follow-up is required, sanctioning broader networks on both sides who stand to profit from the conflict and who are responsible for massive human rights abuses,” he said.
The fighting has reduced Sudan’s capital, Khartoum, to an urban battlefield, with neither side managing to gain control of the city. Across the city, RSF troops have commandeered civilian homes and turned them into operational bases.
The army responded by bombing residential areas, rights groups and activists say.
Formal peace negations mediated by the United States and Saudi Arabia in the kingdom’s coastal town of Jeddah were adjourned in late June with both mediators publicly calling out the RSF and the army for continually violating truces they had agreed to.
Ethnic violence
Meanwhile, in the western Darfur region — the scene of a genocidal campaign in the early 2000s — the conflict has morphed into ethnic violence, with the RSF and allied Arab militias attacking ethnic African groups, according to rights groups and the UN.
Last month, Amnesty International said both sides have committed extensive war crimes in the ongoing conflict.
Also Wednesday, Alice Wairimu Nderitu, the UN special adviser on the prevention of genocide, expressed concern at ongoing “identity-based attacks” across the country.
“Innocent civilians are being targeted on the basis of race” in Darfur, Nderitu said in a statement. These attacks could amount to war crimes, she added.
In July, Karim Khan, the International Criminal Court's prosecutor, said he was investigating alleged new war crimes and crimes against humanity in Darfur.
