Cyril Ramaphosa was re-elected South Africa's president on Friday, having brokered a deal with the opposition for a government of national unity after his African National Congress party's worst election result since the end of apartheid.
Ramaphosa won convincingly in a vote against a surprise candidate who was also nominated in Parliament — Julius Malema, the leader of the far-left Economic Freedom Fighters.
A skillfull negotiator, Ramaphosa clinched the agreement with the white-led Democratic Alliance and at least two other smaller parties as the National Assembly held its first sitting since the election and prepared to elect a head of state.
But Ramaphosa, 71, has emerged weakened from the May 29 election as the ANC lost its parliamentary majority, and some political analysts have questioned whether he will be able to serve a full second five-year term.
The ANC won just 40% of the vote, meaning the liberation movement had to negotiate a power-sharing agreement with rival parties for the first time in 30 years.
Questions remain
As well as the DA, the ANC's partners in the coalition government include the socially conservative Inkatha Freedom Party and right-wing Patriotic Alliance.
Many questions remain about how they will divvy up key jobs and reconcile opposing policy positions.
An ANC member was elected parliament speaker, while a DA candidate was made deputy speaker. Ramaphosa is expected to have to cede cabinet positions to the DA, IFP and PA.
After the vote, former union leader-turned-businessman Ramaphosa received the backing of top ANC officials to stay on.
ANC divided
But his party is deeply divided, and some of Ramaphosa's party rivals may not have buried the hatchet for long.
Ramaphosa's future as president has hung in the balance before. A panel report found in 2022 that he may have committed misconduct over a stash of cash stuffed into furniture at his game farm.
He denied wrongdoing over that scandal, dubbed "Farmgate", and won a new five-year term as ANC leader later that year.
But last month's election, in whic h the ANC's vote share slumped because of voter anger over issues such as high unemployment, crime and crippling power cuts, could pose an even bigger challenge.
Stagnant economy
Ramaphosa was elected ANC leader in late 2017 on a pledge to clean up the party's image and revitalise the economy after nine years of scandal, sleaze and economic decline under his predecessor, Jacob Zuma.
But an initial wave of euphoria when he became head of state in 2018 quickly faded.
More than six years on, the economy remains stagnant and scandals still swirl around top ANC officials.
The decisive blow in last month's election was struck by Ramaphosa's nemesis Zuma, whose new party uMkhonto we Sizwe outperformed expectations and made a big dent in ANC support, especially in Zuma's home province of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN).
Ramaphosa has been criticised for appearing to prevaricate on crucial reforms to avoid exacerbating rifts in his party - a far cry from the decisiveness he showed as a union leader in the 1980s.
Consensus-building
His supporters, however, applaud his consensus-building skills and his role in advancing South Africa's reputation as a champion of the so-called "Global South", shorthand for a group of low- and middle-income countries.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Ramaphosa was one of the most prominent voices globally calling for fairer distribution of vaccines.
More recently, South Africa filed a genocide case against Israel at the International Court of Justice, leading judges to rule last month that Israel must halt its military assault on the Gaza city of Rafah. Israel has rejected the allegations and pressed on with its offensive in Rafah.
On the campaign trail, Ramaphosa sought to play up the ANC's successes over the last 30 years, but critics say he has offered little in the way of new solutions to South Africa's biggest challenges.
After the vote, he urged parties to bridge their ideological and racial divisions for the good of the country.
"South Africans expect the parties for which they have voted to find common ground, overcome their differences and act together for the good of everyone. That's what South Africans have said," he declared.
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