Norway's Jon Fosse, whose plays are among the most widely staged of any contemporary playwright in the world, won the Nobel prize in literature on Thursday.
Sometimes compared to Samuel Beckett - another Nobel-winning playwright - his work is minimalistic, relying on simple language which delivers its message through rhythm, melody and silence.
The Swedish Academy said the 64-year-old was honoured "for his innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable."
Fosse's writing is defined more by form than content, where what is not said is often more revealing than what is.
Nobel speculation
"I am overwhelmed and grateful. I see this as an award to the literature that first and foremost aims to be literature, without other considerations," Fosse said in a statement.
Speaking to Norwegian public broadcaster NRK, he said he was "surprised but also not", after his name had been mentioned in Nobel speculation for several years.
The chairman of the Nobel committee, Anders Olsson, told reporters Fosse had come to be regarded as an innovator through his "ability to evoke... loss of orientation, and how this paradoxically can provide access to a deeper experience, close to divinity".
His major works include "Boathouse" (1989), which was well-received by critics, and "Melancholy" I and II (1995-1996).
Variety of genres
Fosse's oeuvre, written in Norwegian Nynorsk, one of Norway's written language forms, spans a variety of genres and consists of plays, novels, poetry collections, essays, children's books and translations, the jury noted.
"While he is today one of the most widely performed playwrights in the world, he has also become increasingly recognised for his prose," it ad ded.
Born among the fjords of western Norway, Fosse is usually seen clad in black with a few days' stubble.
He grew up in a family which followed a strict form of Lutheranism and rebelled by playing in a band and declaring himself an atheist.
He ended up converting to Catholicism in 2013.
Debut novel
After studying literature, he made his debut in 1983 with the novel "Red, Black" which moves back and forth in time and between perspectives.
His latest book, "Septology", a semi-autobiographical magnum opus -- seven parts spread across three volumes about a man who meets another version of himself -- runs to 1,250 pages without a single full stop.
The third volume was shortlisted for the 2022 International Booker Prize.
Struggling to make ends meet as an author in the early 1990s, Fosse was asked to write the start of a play.
"I knew, I felt, that this kind of writing was made for me," he once said in an interview with a French theatre website.
White men authors
His work has been translated into around 50 languages .
The Swedish Academy has long been criticised for the over-representation of Western white men authors among its picks.
It has undergone major reforms since a devastating #MeToo scandal in 2018, vowing a more global and gender-equal literature prize.
Since the scandal, it has honoured three women -- France's Annie Ernaux, US poet Louise Gluck and Poland's Olga Tokarczuk - and three men - Austrian author Peter Handke, Tanzanian writer Abdulrazak Gurnah and Fosse.
