Daga Eraldo Souza
A wannan makon, dalibai a Jami'ar Columbia sun bi sahun magabatansu wajen gudanar da zanga-zanga, a jami'ar mai dadaddun tarihin zanga-zanga tun a zamanin 1950s.
Dalibai sun cika Dakin taron Hamilton, inda a nan ne ofishin Shugaban Tsangaya yake, inda suka mayar da sunan wajen zuwa Dakin Taron Hind na wucin gadi, domin karrama wata yarinya 'yar Falasdinu mai suna Hindi Rajab 'yar shekara shida da harin Isra'ila ya kashe.
Daliban sun manna banoni manya a kofar shiga makarantar, sannan suka dage kai da fata wajen nuna rashin dadinsu a kan yakin Isra'ila a Gaza, da kuma nuna rashin jin dadin yadda hukumar makarantar ke alaka da wasu kamfanoni da suke da alaka da Isra'ila.
An yi awa 24 ne ana zanga-zanga, kafin hukumar makarantar ta aiko 'yan sanda su tarwatsa zanga-zangar tare da kama daliban.
Alamu sun nuna hukumar makarantar ta fara manta ba. Misalin shekara 50 da suka gabata, a Afrilun 1968, dalibai sun yi zanga-zangar nuna adawa da Yakin Vietnam.
Har yanzu a shafin intanet na makarantar akwai batun zanga-zangar 1968, inda daliban suka mamaye makarantar domin nuna adawa da yakin na Vietnam, har sai da NYPD suka shigo, inda a cewar jam'ar, "suka dirka a harabar makarantar suka jawo wata hatsaniya da ba za a taba mantawa da ita ba.
A lokacin zanga-zangar, daliban kungiyar Students for a Democratic Society sai da suka hana Henry Coleman, wanda suka bayyana da mutum, "mai hankali da tausayi, wanda zamaninsa a matsayin shugaba tsangaya ya fi na sauran." fita daga ofishinsa.
Zanga-zangar 1968
Dole Cole, shugaban tsangaya na rikon kwarya ne a Columbia a lokacin, amma dole daliban suka tursasa shi ya kwana a makarantar saboda sun hana shi fita saboda suna zanga-zangar ta nuna adawar hadakar karatun jami'ar da Cibiyar Nazarin Tsaro wato Institute for Defense Analysis.
Laifin cibiyar a wajensu shi ne ta taimaka wa Amurka a Yakin Vietnam. Haka kuma wasu daliban suna adawa da kokarin makarantar na gina filin mosta jiki na gymnasium.
Tsakanin 24 ga Afrilu zuwa 39, dalibai suna mamaye da makarantar, wanda ita ce ta bude kofar zanga-zangar a makarantar kafin 'yan sanda su shigo su tarwatsa tare da kama masu zanga-zanga.
A lokacin da suke mamaye da makarantar, daliban sun rika goge sunan makarantar suna rubuta, "kwalejin kwatar 'yanci na Malcolm X" sannan dalibai fararen fata na kwalejin sun fice daga makarantar domin goyon bayan takwarorinsu bakaken fata.
A ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 'yan sanda suka kawo karshen zanga-zangar bayan sun shigo makarantar tare da kama sama da mutum 700. 'Yan sandan sun rika bugun daliban da kulki, har ma suka ja wasu daliban a kan kankaren wani dakin karatu.
Daga shekarar 1968 da aka yi zanga-zangar adawa da Yakin Vietnam, zuwa 2024 da aka yi na nuna adawa da kisan kiyashin da ake yi wa Falasdinawa, akwai alamar wasu mutane ba sa daukar darasi daga tarihi, amma wani abu da ya bayyana shi ne lallai matasanmu suna daukar darasi daga 'yan baya.
A Mayun shekarar 1968, wata daya bayan zanga-zangar, wasu daliban guda 250 sun sake gudanar da zanga-zanga a makarantar domin nuna rashin amincewa da dakatar da wasu dalibai guda 130 saboda zanga-zangar ta Afrilun.
Amma a wannan karon, 'yan sanda sun shigo da sauri, inda suka tarwatsa zanga-zangar a cikin awa 10 kacal.
Daliban sun kuma sake wata zanga-zangar adawa da Yakin Vietnam din a shekarar 1972, inda suka kulle kansu a cikin makarantar da kacoci.
Bayan mako daya 'yan sanda suka zo suka bude makarantar suka watsa zanga-zangar, amma babu wanda aka kama, duk da cewa kotu ta hana zanga-zangar tun a farko.
Shekarun 1980s da '90s
An gama Yakin Vietnam ne a shekarar 1975, amma duk da haka daliban makarantun Columbia da Bernard College ba su daina gwargwarmaya ba, inda suka koma zanga-zanga a kan kamfanonin da suke da alaka su, masu alaka kasar Afrika ta Kudu mai nuna bambancin launin fata.
Zanga-zangar wadda bakaken fata suka jagoranta a shekarar 1985, ita ce mafi girma a tarihin makarantar.
A wannan shekarar ce hukumar gudanarwar makarantar ta yanke shawarar cire hannun jarinta a kamfanonin Amurka da suke kasuwanci a Afrika ta Kudu.
A shekarun 1990s, an sake wata zanga-zangar a maka lokacin da aka yi yunkurin mayar da wajen da aka kashe Malcolm X a shekarar 1965 wato Ballroom zuwa dakin gwaji da nazari na biomedical, nan ma daliban suka mamaye makarantar na kwana daya a shekarar 1992 suna adawa.
Bayan zanga-zangar a cikin makaranta, sai daliban suka fita, inda suka je suka tare titin Broadway suka hana zirga-zirgar. Ba a biya musu bujatarsu ba a lokacin, sannan an dakatar da wasu daga cikinsu.
Bayan shekara hudu, a shekarar 1992, wasu daliban guda 100 sun gudanar da zanga-zanga na kwana hudu domin nuna bukatar a bude sashen karatun harsuna.
Masu zanga-zangar sun tsagaita bayan an cimma yarjejeniyar fara karatun harsunan yankin Asia da yankin Spain. A sanadiyar wannan ne aka assasa Cibiyar Nazarin Harsuna da Bambancin Launin Fata bayan shekara uku.
Zanga-zangar goyon bayan Falasdinawa
An sha gudanar da zanga-zanga a Jami'ar Columbia a lokuta daban-daban a tarihin Amurka, kamar yadda aka yi a wannan lokacin.
Lokacin da Isra'ila ta ce za ta farmaki Rafah a Falasdinu, dalibai 'yan gwargwarmaya a Amurka da ma wasu kasashen duniya sun fito sun nuna adawarsu da haka, wanda ya jawo hankalin mutanen duniya zuwa Gaza.
An samun fadadar fafutikar adawa da yaki a makarantun Amurka da ma wasu kasashen.
Masu zanga-zangar suna fuskantar kame daga 'yan sanda da fushin 'yan siyasa- amma babu abin da suka fasa.
Yadda 'yan sanda suka tarwatsa masu zanga-zangar na wannan makon ya yi kama da abin da ya faru a zamanin 1960s, amma ba kamar yadda jami'ar ta Columbia ta shirya da gayyato 'yan sanda da kanta ba domin su tarwatsa masu zanga-zangar na baya.
A wannan lokacin, sun yi amfani da barazanar dakatarwa ko koron daliban daga makarantar. Haka kuma bayan barazanar, hukumar makarantar ta je kotu domin hana zanga-zangar.
Amma dai an karya wata al'adar makarantar ce tare da tallafin wasu masu goyon bayan Isra'ila. Bayan zanga-zangar adawa da nuna bambancin launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu, yawancin zanga-zangar da ake yi a makarantar a shekarar zabe ne. A bana, zanga-zangar za ta yi tasiri a zaben sama da shekarun baya.
Yawancin zanga-zangar da ake yi a jami'ar dalibai bakaken fata ne da wadanda ba Turawa ba ne suke jagoranta, sannan suna fama da cin mutunci daga wajen 'yan sanda a kasar ta Amurka.
Goyon bayansu ga dan takarar da yake da ra'ayin hana aikin dan sanda ko rage kashe musu kudi zai kara girma nan da wasu watanni masu zuwa, sannan akwai alamar soyayyar Shugaban Kasa Joe Biden zai ragu a wajensu.
Masu zanga-zangar ba za su manta ba cewa wulakancin da aka musu ya faru ne a karkashin shugabancin zababben Shugaban Kasa, da zababben gwamna da zababben Magajin Gari.
Haka abin yake a wajen sauran matasan masu kada kuri'a a kasar, inda kashi 51 suke goyon bayan a tsagaita yaki a Gaza. Sai dai duk da cewa kashi 37 ne na matasan masu zabe ne suke son Donald Trump ya dawo mulki, amma kusan rabinsu ba zaben suke yi ba. Wannan labarin ba zai yi dadin ji ga Shugaban Kasar mai ci.
A kafofin sadarwa na zamani, masu fafutika suna cewa ba za su manta da abin da ya faru a Jami'ar Columbia a wannan makon ba, na cewa a karkashin Shugaban Kasa da Gwamna da Magajin Gari da 'yan majalisar jiha da ciyamomi zababbu ne aka musu hakan.
A daidai lokacin da danniya ke kara kaimin masu zanga-zangar, yanzu abin jira a gani shi ne yadda karshen zangon karatun bana zai kaya. A yanzu alamu na nuna cewa daliban sun shirya cigaba da nuna adawarsu da yaki.
Marubucin, Eraldo Souza dos Santos, kwararre a kan tarihin da ayyukan kungiyoyin gwargwarmaya a duniya. Yana koyar da dalibai masu nazarin harkokin gwamnati a Jami'ar Cornell, sannan Mataimakin Farfesa Nena bangaren Criminology, Law and Society a Jami'ar California da ke Irvine.
Togaciya: Ba dole ba ne ra'ayin marubucin ya yi daidai da ra'ayi ko ka'idojin aikin jarida na TRT Afrika.
