Cikin natsuwa da mayar da hankali, Zanyiwe Ncube tana zuba dan kason da ta samu na man girki cikin roba, a wata cibiyar raba kayan agaji can a cikin karkarar Zimbabwe.
Ta ce, “Ba na so na yi asarar ko da digo daya”.
Ta yi murnar karbar kayan agajin, wanda gwamnatin Amurka ta biya yayin da kasar ke fama da matsanancin fari. Sai dai murnar ta koma ciki lokacin da ma’aikatan agaji suka gaya mata cewa wannan ce zayararsu ta karshe.
Ncube da danta dan wata bakwai da ta goya a baya, suna cikin mutane 2,000 da suka samu tallafin man girki, da dawa, da wake, da sauran kayan abinci a gundumar Mangwe da ke kudu maso yammacin Zimbabwe.
Al’ummar kudancin Afirka ba za su iya ci gaba da dogaro kan kayan noma daga yankinsu ba saboda sauyin yanayi.
Raba abincin wani bangare ne na shirin da hukumar ba da tallafi ta Amurka, USAID ke gudanarwa karkashin shirin Hukumar Abinci ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.
Suna burin tallafa wa mutane miliyan 2.7 a kauyukan Zimbabwe, wadanda yunwa ke wa barazana saboda fari da ke shafar yankuna kudancin Afirka tun karshen 2023.
Farin ya tilasta bushewar tsirran da miliyoyin mutanen suke shukawa don samun abin da za su ci. Yanzu ba su da wata madogara daga gonakinsu saboda yadda yanayi ya sauya.
Fari a Zimbabwe, wadda ke makotaka da Zambia da Malawi ta kai matakin zama bala’i. Zambia da Malawi sun ayyana matsalar a matsayin annobar kasa.
Zimbabwe na dab da kai wa wannan mataki. Kuma farin ya cimma Botswana da Angola daga yamma, sai Mozambique da Madagascar daga gabas.
A bara, yawancin wannan yankin ya yi fama da annobar ambaliya bayan ruwan sama da guguwa. Matsalar ta zama mai maimaituwa tsakanin ruwan sama da ya zarce yadda ake bukata, sai kuma mai karanci.
Wannan batu ne na tsanantar sauyin yanayi da masana kimiyya suka ce yana kara yawaita kuma yana ta’adi, musamman ga al’ummomi masu rauni a duniya.
Watan Fabrairu mafi kamfa
A Mangwe, yara da manya sun yi layin karbar abinci, wasu da amalanken jaki don daukar duk abin da suka samu kaya zuwa gida. Wasu sun zo da baro inda masu jiran a zo kansa, suke zaune a kasa.
A gefe guda, akuya na kokarin lasar ruwa daga jikin kaya. Ncube, mai shekaru 39, ta saba yin girbi a yanzu, don samun abinci ga yaranta biyu da wata ‘yar riko. Yanzu da wuya ta samu rara da za ta iya sayarwa.
Wannan ne watan Fabrairu mafi kamfa a Zimbabwe a tsawon rayuwarta, a cewar ma’aunin gwada yanayi na hukuma WFP. Ya ce, “Ba mu da komai a gonakinmu, ko kwayar hatsi babu”.
“Komi ya kone (saboda fari).” Hukumar UNICEF ta ce akwai “tagwayen matsaloli” na tsanantar yanayi a gabashi da kudancin Afirka, inda yankunan biyu suke fuskantar guguwa da ambaliya da zafi da fari a shekarun baya.
Mazauna karkara suna karbar tallafinsu na abinci na wata-wata wanda Hukumar Abinci ta Duniya (WFP) take samarwa a Mumijo, gundumar Buhera, gabashin birnin Harare, a Zimbabwe, 16 ga Maris, 2024.
A kudancin Afirka, an kiyasta mutane miliyan 9, rabinsu yara, suna bukatar tallafi a Malawi. Farin ya shafi sama da miliyan 6 a Zambia, miliyan 3 cikinsu yara, a cewar UNICEF.
Wato wannan adadi ya kai kusan rabin al’ummar Malawi da kuma kashi 30 na al’ummar Zambia.
Wata jami’ar yanki ta hukumar UNICEF, Eva Kadili ta ce, “Ana tunanin matsanancin yanayin zafi zai zama ruwan-dare a gabashi da kudancin Afirka a shekaru masu zuwa".
Baya ga cewa sauyin yanayi ya haifar da yawan caccanjawar yanayi a fadin duniya, akwai wani abin daban da ke busar da kasa a kudancin Afirka wannan shekara.
El Niño, wani abu ne da ke faruwa a yanayi wanda ke haifar da zafi a tekun Pacific duk shekaru biyu ko bakwai, kuma yana da mabambantan tasiri kan yanayi na duniya.
A kudancin Afirka, yana haifar da karancin ruwan sama, a wasu lokutan kuma fari. Shi ake dora wa alhakin wanna matsala.
Tasirin ya fi kamari kan al’ummar da ke Mangwe, inda ya yi suna da karancin ruwa. Mutane suna noma hatsi kamar dawa da gero, wadanda suke jurewa fari da ba da damar samun girbi, amma bana shukar ta gaza jure wa fari.
Francesca Erdelmann, daraktar Hukumar Abinci ta Duniya a Zimbabwe, ta ce ba a samu girbi mai kyau ba a bara, amma bana abin ya fi muni. Ta ce, "Ba abu ne da aka saba gani ba”.
Yunwa na saka mutane aikata laifuka
Ana kiran watannin farko na wannan shekara da “watannin tsukewa”, lokacin da mutane ke jiran sabon girbi. Amma kuma, babu wani fata kan samun girbi a bana.
Joseph Nleya, wani mai unguwa ne mai shekaru 77 a Mangwe, ya ce ba ya tuna sanda gari ya taba zafi haka, abin ya kazanta.
Ya ce, "Babu ruwa a madatsan ruwa, rafuka sun bushe, kuma burtsatsai sun karanta. Muna dogara kan ‘ya’yan itace daga daji, kuma su ma sun bushe”.
Mutane suna amfani da haramtacciyar hanya wajen shiga kasar Botswana don neman abinci, kuma ya kara da cewa, "Yunwa tana mayar mutane masu neman na kansu su koma masu aikata laifuka”.
Kungiyoyin agaji da dama sun yi gargadin cewa wannan matsalar na tunkarowa tun a bara.
James Tshuma, wani manomi ne a gundumar Mangwe a kudu maso yammacin Zimbabwe, yana tsaye cikin gonarsa da ta bushe saboda fari a Zimbabwe, Juma’a, 22 ga Maris, 2024.
Tun lokacin nan, Shugaban Zambia Hakainde Hichilema ya ce miliyan daya daga cikin miliyan 2.2 na masarar da ake nomawa a kasarsa ta hallaka. Shugaban Malawi Lazarus Chakwera ya yi kiran tara dala miliyan $200 na tallafin jin-kai.
Mutanen karkara miliyan 2.7 a Zimbabwe da suke fama da karancin abinci ba su kenan ba.
Ana gudanar da gwaji a fadin kasar kan shuka, kuma hukumomi suna fargaban sakamakon, inda ake tsoron adadin mutane masu bukatar taimako zai iya hawa, cewar Erdelmann na Hukumar Abinci ta Duniya.
Yanzu da aka fidda tsammani daga girbin abinci a wannan shekara, miliyoyin mutane a Zimbabwe, da kudancin Malawi, da Mozambique da Madagascar ba za su iya ci da kansu ba, har zuwa shekarar 2025.
Shirin gano fari da wuri na USAID ya kiyasta cewa mutane miliyan 20 za su bukaci tallafin abinci a kudancin Afirka a farkon watannin shekarar 2024.
Da yawa ba za su samu tallafi ba, saboda kungiyoyin agaji suna da karancin kayayyaki sakamakon karuwar yunwa a duniya, da kuma raguwar kudaden da gwamnatocin kasashe ke bayarwa.
Kamar yadda jami’in hukumar WFP suka kai ziyararsu ta karshe zuwa Mangwe, matar nan mai suna Ncube tuni ta fara tunanin yadda za ta ririta abincinta.
Ta ce tana fatan zai kai mata tsawon lokacin da zai kawar da tsoron da take da shi: wato a ce dan karamin danta ya rasa wadatar abinci mai gina jiki gabanin ya cika shekara guda a duniya.
