Masu yaki da bakin hayaki na matatar mai a Fatakwal don tsaftace iskar birnin

Charles Mgbolu

A baya ana yi wa birnin Fatakwal kirari da “Birnin Lambu”, kuma ya kasance daya daga cikin biranen Nijeriya mafiya kyau, kuma masu korran wuraren shakatawa.

Sai dai cikin kankanin lokaci labari ya sauya a Jihar Rivers, yayin da birnin ya koma mai duhu, bayan afkuwar annobar muhalli a birni, wanda shi ne na biyar a girma cikin biranen Nijeriya, wanda kuma yake da al’umma sama da miliyan uku.

Haramtattun matatun mai wadanda ma’aikata marasa kwarewa suke jagoranta, kuma kayan aikin da suke amfani da su na gargajiya ne, wadanda suke fitar da tukaken hayaki baki mai turnuke samaniyar birnin Fatakwal.

Duddugar bakin hayaki wanda yake samuwa daga konewar danyen man fetur, yana zama cikin iska sannan ya samar da bakin hazo a ko ina, a kan gidaje da kan mutane.

Mutane na fama da karuwar samun cutukan numfashi. Wasunsu ma har cutar daji abin yake janyo musu, yayin da wasu mace-mace da yawa ake danganta su da duddugar bakin hayaki.

Wannan matsala ta dauki wani rukunin mazauna garin bisa jagorancin mutum hudu, tsawon lokaci kafin su janyo hankalin duniya game da wahalar da mutanen Fatakwal suke sha. Ya dauke su tsawon shekara shida kafin hakarsu ta cimma ruwa.

Wannan shi ne labarinsu, kamar yadda yake labarin Fatakwal.

“Ya kasance yaki mai tsananin wahala wanda ya dauke mu shekara shida,” haka Amah Onyedikachi, mai shekara 38 ya ambata, wanda daya ne daga cikin mutane hudu ‘yan gwagwarmayar, kuma dalibi ne mai bincike.

Amah ya bayyana wa TRT Afrika cewa, “Mun yi ta kwarmato kullum a Tuwita. Mun yi ta kiran mazauna Fatakwal da su ce sun gaji da duddugar hayaki”.

Gurbatacciyar iska kullum

Matsalar birnin Fatakwal da ke kudancin Nijeriya ta zamo batun tattaunawa tsakanin al’umma ne a lokacin da duddugar bakin hayakin ta fara bayyana a 2016.

Ya kasance wani lokaci da aikin tace man fetur ta haramtacciyar hanya ya zama ruwan dare a yankin Neja Delta, musamman a fadamomin bakin teku da ke Fatakwal.

Yawaitar rashin aikin yi a yankin Neja Delta ya janyo wasu daidaikun matasa zuwa shiga wannan sana’ar mai kazamar riba.

Suna janyo danyen man fetur ta barauniyar hanya, ta amfani da sarkakiyar bututun mai, wadda manyan kamfanonin gwamnati da na masu zaman kansu suka mallaka.

Ta kai har wasu daga cikin masu tace mai ta haramtacciyar hanya sun binne nasu bututun man can cikin karkashin kasa, domin jigilar danyen man fetur daga bututun gwamnati.

Daga nan sai su “tace” man ta amfanin da tsananin zafi, sannan su fitar da man kalanzir da kuma dizal.

Suna sayar da man da suka tace ne ta hanyar kasuwannin bunburutu, har ma sukan fitar da shi kasashen waje.

A cewar rahoton 2022 na Hukumar Shirin Nuna Gaskiya a Masana’antun Hakar Ma’adanai, game da mai da gas, Nijeriya ta yi asarar gangar mai miliyan 619.7 na danyen man fetur, wanda aka yi wa kimar dala biliyan 46.16, tsakanin 2009-2020.

A wani rahoton na Kungiyar Kasashe Masu Fitar da Man Fetur (OPEC), Nijeriya ta fado da mataki biyu a jerin kasashe masu samar da mai, ta dawo kasa da Angola da Libya, a watan Satumban shekarar da ta gabata.

Hukomomin Nijeriya sun dora alhakin wannan kan tsagwaron satar mai da ke faruwa.

Ya zuwa watan Janairu na 2023, Nijeriya ta koma mataki na sama, amma fa bayan hukomomi sun tsaurara kokarinsu na gano haramtattun famfunan mai, da kuma kawar da su.

Amah ya ambata cewa lokaci na farko da ya ga duddugar hayaki a gidansa, can a baya ne a shekarar 2016.

Ya ce, “Wato kamar ka ce wani ne ya barbada toka a ko ina a cikin gidana, da kan gadona. Na tuna yayin da na taba duddugar sai nake tambayar kaina, ‘mene ne wannan?’”

Sai dai bai bukaci neman amsar tambayar da nisa ba, saboda wani cikin abokansa makusanta, Kingsley Adindu shi ma ya fuskanci irin wannan matsalar.

Adindu, daya daga cikin mutane hudun, wanda dan shekara 37 ne kuma dan gwagwarmayar kare muhalli. Ya ce, “Na gane cewa duddugar hayaki ce sa’ilin da na taba. Tana da laushi, tamkar kura mai bata ko ina.”

Wannan damuwar ce game da hayaki mai bata muhalli, da kuma tasirinsa kan lafiyar mutane, ita ce ta kai mu ga kaddamar da kamfe ta intanet.

Tunde Bello mutum ne dan shekara 48 wanda ya zamo dan gwagwarmayar muhalli ba shiri. Ya kafa shafin facebook da Twitter mai lakabin @StopTheSoot, don wayar da kai game da wannan matsala.

Akwatin sakonsa na shafukan sadarwa cike yake da hotunan da mazauna gari suka turo masa, wadanda ke bayyana duddugar hayaki cikin gidajensu.

Da yawan mutane sun dauki hoton hannaye da kafafuwansu da suka yi baki, sakamakon hayakin.

Wasu bidiyoyin na mutane sun nuna yadda hayakin ya kusan rufe hasken rana, kuma yake disashe birnin da hazo mai kauri.

Amah da Eugine Abels da Kingsley Adindu su ma sun dauki ragamar kamfen din a daidaikunsu.

Amma daga baya sun hade kansu don kafa gamammen kamfen mai karfi, wanda zai taimaka wa muhawara kan matsalar duddugar hayaki.

Eugune wanda ya kusa ba shekara 50 baya, ya fadada magana a zaurukan tattaunawa kan muhalli, a zahiri da kuma a intanet, kan matsalar lafiya da tasiri kan muhalli da duddugar hayaki ke haifarwa.

Kingsley ya yi suna wajen bayar da shawara a intanet kan kiwon lafiya da kiyayewa, da kuma yadda za su tunkari duddugar hayaki idan suka gamu da ita.

Haka nan, sun gudanar da zanga-zangar lumana a 2018, tare da daruruwan mazauna Fatakwal.

Cikin wata daya da fara kamfe din, yayin da matsin lamba ya karu kan hukomomi don su dauki mataki, gwamnatin Jihar Rivers ta kafa kwamitin wucin gadi don ya magance matsalar. Kwamitin ya tabbatar a hukumance, cewa duddugar ba komai ba ce illa bakin hayaki.

Sai dai ba a dauki matakin magance matsalar haramtattun matatun mai ba, har lokacin.

Mai kisan mummuke

Dr Selegha Abrakasa, wanda masanin kimiyyar physics ne a Jami’ar Port Harcourt, ya ce, “Duddugar bakin hayaki abu ne da ke samuwa sakamakon gaza kammala kone abu”.

Dr Abrakasa ya fada wa TRT Afrika cewa, “Sakamakon cewa haramtattun matatu suna amfani da kayayyakin aiki na gargajiya wajen tace danyen mai, sukan fitar da tarin dagwalon masana’anta zuwa muhalli, wanda ya hada da duddugar bakin hayaki”.

Duddugar hayaki wanda kuma ake kira da dudduga mai gurbatawa, daya ne daga cikin nau’in gurbatar muhalli mai matukar illa.

Wata tawagar likitocin yara da ke sashen kula da yara na Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami’ar Port Harcourt, wadda Dr Agnes Fienemika yake jagoranta, sun yi bincike kan yaduwar cutar numfashi mai tsanani ta ARI tsakanin yara yan kasa da shekara biyar a Fatakwal, tsawon shekara biyu.

Sun yi amfani da bayanai kan matsalar, wadda mutane ke kai wa asibitin yara na yankin, a matsayin wani samfuri.

Kuma sun gano an sami karuwar yaduwar cutar ARI tsakanin yara ‘yan kasa da shekara biyar, daga Satumba zuwa Disambar 2016.

Tawagar Dr Fienemika sun gano cewa, wannan tsakani a 2016 ya dace da farkon fara ganin duddugar bakin hayaki a garin Fatakwal.

An wallafa sakamakon binciken nasu a mukalar “Journal of Respiratory Medicine” a shekarar 2018.

Farfesa Best Ordinioha, kwararre ne kan lafiyar jama’a a Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami’ar Port Harcourt. Ya bayyana wa TRT Afrika cewa duddugar hayaki za ta iya haddasa mummunan tasirantuwa ta numfashi, wato allergic reaction.

“Tasirin gaggawa daga shakar duddugar hayaki ya hada da tashin cutar asthma, musamman ga masu larurar asthma, da kuma mutane masu matsalar zuciya ko huhu”.

Shi kuwa Ordinioha, ya ce shakar duddugar hayaki takan kara hadarin kamuwa da cutar daji tsakanin mutane.

Mu ceci yara

Amah ya kara da cewa a kwanakin farko na kamfe din, sun mai da hankali kan yara. “Mun fara wallafa bayanai zuwa ga makarantu, da kuma watsa bayanai kan yadda za a kare yara.

Amah ya kara da cewa “Mun samu tarin goyon baya a soshiyal midiya. Sannan abin al’ajabi shi ne mun samu suka kuma. Wasu mutane sun zarge mu da zuzuta matsalar.”

Kingsley Adindu ya ga tasirin duddugar hayaki a kan yara, ganin idonsa.

Adindu ya sanar da TRT Afrika cewa, “Na kwashe sati daya bayan sati a asibiti, sakamakon irin wannan matsalar da ta shafi yarona, wato tari da mura.

Na kashe dumbin kudade wajen siyan magani da biyan kudin asibiti. Abin takaici ne matuka.”

Adindu ya kuma kara da cewa lafiyar yaransa yanzu ta inganta.

“Na kasance ina kai yarana (yaro dan shekara hudu, da yarinya ‘yar shekara daya) zuwa asibiti, akalla sau daya a mako saboda cutar numfashi. Amma tun farkon shekarar nan, ba mu samu matsalar da za ta kai mu asibiti ba.”

Eugene ya ce ya yi mamaki sanda ya karanta bayani game da nau’in garin karfe da ake gani a duddugar hayakin, wanda yake da mummunar illa ga lafiya.

Eugine ya kara da cewa, “Na gano cewa tana da sinadarin carcinogens da mercury. Na tsorata saboda raunin matakin kiwon lafiya a asibitocinmu. Wannan tamkar hukuncin kisa ne kan al’ummarmu.”

A bara, gwamnatin jiha ta sake kaddamar da samame kan haramtattun matatun mai.

Akalla mutum 16 da suke da hannu a sana’ar tace mai ba bisa ka’da ba aka kama, sannan aka ayyana neman mutum 19.

Sama da haramtattun matatun mai 100 aka rusa, a wurare daban-daban a fadin jihar. Yawancin samamen ya faru ne a yankin Karamar Hukumar Khana, a inda aka rusa akalla haramtattun matatu 20.

Bariere Thomas, Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Khana, ya fada wa TRT Afirka, “Wasu daga cikin masu tace mai ta haramtacciyar hanya suna dauke da muggan makamai, kuma sun bude wuta kanmu, yayin da jami’an tsaro suka tunkare su, kafin su arce daga fadamomin.”

“Biyo bayan wadannan samame, ingancin iska ya karu sosai da sosai. Kuma a yanzu ba ma ganin tarin kura kan motocinmu da kuma kan farfajiyar kasa cikin gidajenmu.

Rahoto kan samun matsalar numfashi shi ma ya ragu matuka. Muna shirin gudanar da gwaje-gwaje kan ingancin iska, don auna matakin tsaftar da iskarmu ta samu yanzu.”

Mazauna birnin Fatakwal su ma sun jaddada wannan labarin.

Victor Alali, wanda yake zaune a Borokiri a tsakiyar birnin, ya sanar da TRT Afrika cewa, “Na lura da bambanci matuka game da yawan samun duddugar hayaki a kan tagogin gidana.

"Yanzu ba na ganin saukar abebade lokacin alfijir, kamar yadda na saba a baya.”

Ebenezar Wikina, shi ma wani mazaunin birnin ne. Ya kara da cewa “A karon farko cikin tsawon lokaci, yanzu ba na tunanin fuskantar matsala a nan gaba. Iskar birnin nan ta tsaftatu sosai”.

Akwai sauran rina a kaba

Amma fa Abrakasa ya yi gargadin cewa ka da a gaggauta yin murna.

“Dole gwamnati ta tabbata ba ta bari masu haramtattun matatun mai sun dawo ba. Idan kuwa suka dawo, zai zama komai ya tafi a banza Kenan.”

Ebenezar ya yi nuni kan rahotannin da ke cewa, har yanzu akwai wasu haramtattun matatun mai da suke aiki a wurare masu wahalar shiga, kuma ba a san suna nan ba. Ya ce, “Kenan ya kamata a duba wannan.”

Wannan kira ne na a dauki matakin wuri wanda Amah da abokan gwagwarmayarsa suke ganin da alama ya shiga kunnuwan da suka dace. Amma duk da haka dukkansu sun yarda cewa akwai sauran rina a kaba.

Ameh ya jaddada cewa, “Mun san sarai cewa kawai lokaci ake jira. Amma dai muna nan…, muna jira, kuma za mu dakatar da su ko sau nawa ne.”