Daga Meryem Demirhan
A duk lokacin da ake gudanar da wani aikin binciken tarihi a Istanbul, kusan yakan yi wuya ba a iya gano wasu alamomi daga zamanin baya da aka samu wayewar kai a karkashin kasa ba.
Wani abun mamaki da haifar da farin ciki shi ne yadda binciken baya-bayan nan da aka gudanar a gundumar Zeytunburnu a Istanbul ya gano- adon zayyana na mosaics da wani akwatin gawa na dutse da kuma ƙasusuwan ƙwarangwal.
"Muna sane da cewa Istanbul gari ne mai cike da kayayyakin ado na tarihi da dama, amma wannan shi ne karon farko da muka taɓa gano abun da zarce bayan bangon birnin.
Hakan ya sanya mu cikin farin ciki sosai, domin ya kara fito da wani sabon babi na musamman a tarihin Istanbul, da kuma samar da wasu sabbin hujjoji na abubuwan da suka faru a baya,” in ji Omer Arisoy, Magajin Garin Zeytinburnu kuma tsohon mataimakin Ministan Al'adu da yawon bude ido.
An gano kayayyakin tarihin ne a lokacin da ake aikin sake gina wani gini na zamanin Daular Usmaniyya, inda matsugunin ofishin karamar hukumar Zeytinburnu yake tsawon shekaru 25.
An soma aikin sake fasalin wurin ne a shekarar 2015, inda aka yi niyyar sauya ginin mai dadadden tarihi zuwa cibiyar fasaha a ƙarƙashin sunan ''Kazlicesme Art Complex''.
Hawan benen adon zayyana na mosaics wanda ya samo asali tun farkon zamanin daular romawa-Byzantine, an gano shi ne a ƙarƙashin tubalan ginin na babban sashe na ginin a yayin aikin gyare-gyaren.
Bisa ga ire-iren adon zane-zanen zayyanan da aka gano, an yanke shawarar gudanar da bincike a wajen ginin, la'akari da cewa akwai yiwuwar za a iya dace da karin adon zayyanan a wasu wuraren.
An yi nasara a aikin da masu binciken kayan tarihin suka gudanar na nemo sabbin adon zayyana na mosaics; An same su dukka kana an bayyana su a shekarar 2019.
"Hade da wanda aka samu daga cikin ginin, mun gano adon zayyana na mosaics da ya rufe kusan murabba'in mita 186 gabaki daya," in ji Arisoy.
Yayin aikin binciken, an gano wani daddaden wuri da ruwa ke fitowa ta karkashin kasa, wadan ya kara fito da kayataccen yanayin waurin.
“Bayan da aka gano adon zayyana a cikin ginin, mun bi shi har zuwa karshensa, har sai da muka kai ga wani akwatin binne gawa na dutse, dauke da ƙasusuwan mutane biyu, mace da namiji.
Bisa ga gwajin da binciken carbon-14 da Tubitak ya gudanar, akwatin binne gawar ya shafe kimanin shekaru 1,750 zuwa yanzu."
Tubitak ita ce majalisar bincike ta kimiyya da fasaha ta Turkiyya.
Masanin fasaha Celaleddin Celik, mai zane kuma mai tsara adon zayyana na gidan kayayyakin tarihi na Mosaic da Kazlicesme Art Complex, ya bayyana mamakinsa da jin dadinsa ga kayan tarihin da aka samu a tsakiyar aikin cibiyar fasahar.
"Lamarin ya mutukar bamu mamaki. Wannan wani tsari ne da ya sauya yanayin fuskar aikin baki daya kuma ya dakatar da duk wani aiki da ake yi. Babu wanda ya yi hasashen cewa hakan zai faru," in ji Celik.
'Mun farin ciki da samun dadadden makwabcinmu'
Adon zayyana da aka samu daga aikin tonon, ya samo asali ne tun daga tsakiyar ƙarni na hudu da kuma farkon karni na biyar; a samu wani akwatin binne gawa, da 'yan tsabar kudi da tukwane na terracotta waɗanda suka samo asali tun daga ƙarni na 4 zuwa na10 da 11 kafin zuwan musulumci.
Baya ga sauran ƙasusuwan da suka rage a cikin akwatin, an kuma samu gawawwakin ɗan'adam a cikin ramin tun daga zamanin Romawa; ko da yake, ƙasusuwan da ke cikin duwatsun kabari duk sun ruguje gaba daya.
Bisa ga binciken da aka gudanar, daya daga cikin kwarangwal biyu da aka samu a cikin akwatin gawar na dutse ya kai shekaru 1,750 yayin da ɗayan kuma ya kai shekaru 1,775; Matar da ke ciki tana tsakanin shekarunta na 30 zuwa 40 sai namijin wanda yake tsakanin shekaru 40 zuwa 50.
"Su ne mazauna mafi tsufa a Zeytinburnu, kamar yadda muka samu labari," a cewar Celaleddin Celik, Magajin garin ya kuma ce sun yi farin ciki da samun dadadden makwabcinsu.
An gano sauran ƙasusuwan namiji da matar ne a tare a kan wata gyale mai launin shunayya, wadda ake zaton kalar sarauta ce a daular Byzantine, wanda aka yi wa ado da kayan kwalliyar zinare.
Kazalika, alamomin da aka gani sun nuna cewa mutumin ya yi fama da karaya ta hakarkari da kuma cutar ciwon gabobi.
Ƴa zuwa yanzu ana ci gaba da gwajin kwayar halitta ta DNA a jami'ar fasaha ta Gabas ta Tsakiya da ke Ankara babban birnin kasar Turkiyya.
’Kayataccen gini tamkar a mafarki'
Bayan wannan binciken mai ban sha'awa, Arisoy ya yanke shawarar canza tsarin wurin zuwa gidan kayan adon zayyana na tarihi don baje kolin sabbin kayayyakin tarihi da aka gano a wurin, tare da hadin gwiwar Hukumar Kula da Gidajen kayan tarihi ta Istanbul da gundumar Zeytinburnu.
"Lokacin da muka fara aikin gina gidan fasaha ta Kazlicesme Art Complex, ba mu yi tunanin za taba samun wani wuri na adon zayyana ta gargajiya a nan ba," in ji Celaleddin Celik.
An gina shi a farkon shekarun 1800, wurin tarihin ya kasance asibitin sojoji ne a zamanin mulkin Usmaniyya.
Daga baya ginin ya koma dakin kwanan dalibai, da ofishin jami'an sojoji da kuma zauren kasuwanci ta jama'a, kafin hukumar gundumar Zeytinburnu ta amshi ikon wajen a shekarar 1984.
“Wannan ginin mai dadadden tarihi na dauke da sassa har hudu, kowanne na wakiltar tarihin zamani daban-daban har guda hudu da suka wanzu a wuri daya; zamanin Rumawa da na Byzantine da Usmaniyya da kuma zamanin da kasar ta koma Jamhuriya,” kamar yadda magajin garin Arisoy ya jaddada.
Celik da ke aikin tsara gine-ginen, ya bayyana cewa gina wani sabon sashi da zai haɗe ginin tarihin inda za a saka sabbin kayayyakin tarihin da aka gano abin farin ciki ne, ana kan tsare-tsare sai dai akwai kalubale a cikinsa.
“Nau'in kalubalan da za'a fuskanta suna nan daban-daban, domin an gina ginin ne a matsayin asibitin soji a zamanin Sarkin Musulmi Abdulhamid II, wanda tarihin da aka yi gado, a kusa da shi kuma an gano wani wurin adon zayyana da ya wuce shekaru 1,000.
Wannan tsarin ya bambanta gaba daya, domin dukkansu dukiyoyin al'adu ne kuma duk suna buƙatar kariya. Mun tsara wani ƙari ginin zamani na tarihi wanda ke fuskantar su duka tare da girmamawa da kuma halkintawa," in ji Celik.
''Dole ne ku wanzu ba tare da kun lalata komai ba. A gefe guda, dole ne ku kasance a cikin littafin tarihi ba tare da yin gasa ko kuma kokarin rage muhimmacin matsayinsa ba, Kazalika dole ne ku tafi da zamani."
Celik kuma ya bayyana cewa tsarin adon fuskar ginin ya nuna adon zayyana, ƙayataccen nau'i.
"Wannan aikin sake fasalin wurin ya zame mana tamkar gine-gine a mafarki," in ji shi.
Ginin gidan tarihin na Kazlicesme Art Complex ya ƙunshi ɗakin karatu da wurin zane-zane da wuraren cin abinci da kuma wuraren shan shayi.
Ƙasar ginin gidan a halin yanzu yana zama a matsayin dakin kayayyakin fasaha, sai kuma dakin tarihi na adon zayyana da ke wajen ginin.
Har ila yau, an mayar da saman benen ginin zuwa ɗakin karatu na fasaha wanda ke da filin kallon kayataccen birnin Istanbul.
Magajin garin ya jaddada cewa gidan tarihi na Zeytinburnu na adon zayyana zai samar da wata sabuwar fuska ga masu zuwa yawon bude ido da shakatawa na al'adu a Istanbul.
"Mun dauki hakan a matsayin wani nauyin da ya rataya a wuyarmu wajen bayyana dukkan kyayatattun abubuwan da Zeytinburnu ya kunsa, don haɓaka arziƙinsa da inganta jituwa da farin ciki a tsakanin mutanenmu daga kowane mataki."
Shin tsarin da aka gano na adon zayyanar, fada ce, ko kuma wani babban gida ne, ko katafaren gini ne kawai?
Ko kuma dai, mata da namijin da aka binne tare a cikin akwatin gawa na dutsen “masoya ne” a zamanin Rumawa na Byzantine?
Sai dai abin takaicin shi ne, har yanzu ba a samu amsoshin waɗannan tambayoyin ba tukunna.
Ana dai ci gaba da bincike kan sirrin adon zayyanar da akwatin binne gawar na dutse da kuma mutanen da aka gano an binne su a wurin.
